英语翻译比赛CTC2409040+C组+夏奕栋+西安欧亚学院（最终版）.pdfVIP

第三届全国青年创新翻译大赛

C组——中译英

Since1980stothepresent,theprevalentmainstreamideology

throughouttheworldhasbeenliberalism,especiallyneoliberalism,

believingthatgovernmentisakindof“necessaryevil”——though

necessary,thesmallerthebetter.Theviewpointisactuallyfalse.The

marketcanbeprosperous,notbecauseofentrepreneurspirit,butthe

workablepublicservicesgovernmentisabletoprovide.

Theanarchysociety,islikeajunglewherepeoplearerivalstoeach

other.Inthiscondition,nottomentioneconomyprosperity,evenlivinga

peacefullifeisnotaneasything.Whenoneofthehugegangscometo

monopolizetheviolence,governmentemerges,andpeace,safetyand

socialordermightfollow.

Withtheestablishmentofpeace,security,andorder,economic

activitiescanproceednormally,yetthisaloneisinsufficienttofoster

prosperity.Economicprosperitynecessitatestheexpansionoftradeand

productionscales,whichinturnrequiresinfrastructuredevelopment.Once

theinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,ports,airports,docks,water

facilities,andpowersupplyareinplace,thetransactioncostsfor

individualstosurviveandthriveinsocietywillbelowereddown.Thenthis

reductionintransactioncostswillconsequentlyexpandtheradiusoftrade,

increasetheproductionscales,thustriggeringtheemergenceandbooming

ofeconomieswithinalargerscale.

Intheabsenceofinternationaltradeagreements,ambitious

entrepreneursinacountrywhoseektoselltheirproductsabroadrunthe

riskofbeingpenalizedforsmuggling.Internationaltradeagreementsare

alsoaformofpublicgoods.ThereasonwhyBritainwasabletotakethe

leadinachievingindustrializationwasbecauseitleverageditsnavalpower

toopenthedoorso