2023年下半年公共英语四级专题模拟训练.pdfVIP

2023年下半年公共英语四级专题模拟训练

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ReadingComprehension

partA

Readthefollowingtwotexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA.B.CorD.Whenwas

heliumintheUniversityformed?

Theelementsotherthanhydrogenandheliumexist

insuchsmallquantitiesthatitisaccuratetosay

thattheuniverseissomewhatmorethan75percent

hydrogen.

Astronomershavemeasuredtheabundanceofhelium

throughoutourgalaxyandinothergalaxiesaswell.

Heliumhasbeenfoundinoldstars,inrelatively

youngones,ininterstellargas,andinthedistant

objectsknownasqua____.Heliumnucleihavealsobeen

foundtobeconstituentsofcosmicraysthatfallon

theearth(cosmic“rays”arenotreallyaformof

radiation;theyconsistofrapidlymovingparticlesof

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numerousdifferentkinds).Itdoesn’tseemtomake

verymuchdifferencewheretheheliumisfound.Its

relativeabundanceneverseemstovarymuch.Insome

places,theremaybeslightlymoreofit;inothers,

slightlyless,buttheratioofheliumtohydrogen

nucleialwaysremainsaboutthesame.

Heliumiscreatedinstars.Infact,nuclear

reactionsthatconverthydrogentoheliumare

responsibleformostoftheenergythatstarsproduce.

However,theamountofheliumthatcouldhavebeen

producedinthismannercanbecalculated,andit

turnsouttobenomorethanafewpercent.The

universehasnotexistedlongenoughforthisfigure

tobesignificantlygreater.Consequently,ifthe

universeissomewhatmorethan25percentheliumnow,

thenitmusthavebeenabout25percentheliumata

timenearthebeginning.

However,whentheuniversewaslessthanone

minuteold,noheliumcouldhaveexisted.Calculations

indicatethatbeforethistimetemperaturesweretoo

highandparticlesofmaterweremovingaroundmuch

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