莒侯少子簋与莒国灭亡问题新探.pdfVIP

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2025年第1期总第239期

究研与索探莒侯少子簋与莒国灭亡问题新探*

鄢国盛(辽宁师范大学历史文化学院)

摘要:关于莒国的灭亡,蒙文通曾考证其在战国中期为齐所灭,学者多不采信,

仍坚持《史记》战国早期楚简王灭莒之说。莒侯少子簋是现存少有的几件莒国铜器,

无论器形还是铭文字体、内容皆与陈侯午簋相似,时代当属战国中期。“莒侯”之称

是东夷莒君僭用中原诸侯的称号。战国早期莒是小国,依附于晋、越两国,长期与齐

对抗以求自存,随着晋、越对齐作战取得关键性胜利,三晋向周天子邀功列为诸侯(前

403年),莒才效仿三晋僭号称侯。此后不久,三晋失和,越国南徙,齐威王复兴,莒

失去依靠,为齐所灭,时间在齐威王九年至十四年间(前348—前343年),故蒙氏之

说更为可信。

关键词:莒侯少子簋;莒国;战国

Abstract:RegardingthedemiseoftheStateofJu,MengWentongoncehypothesizedthatit

wasconqueredbyQiinthemid-WarringStatesperiod.Manyscholarsdonotacceptthisviewand

stilladheretotheearlyWarringStatesperiodaccountinShiJi,whichstatesthatKingJianofChu

conqueredJu.TheJuHouShaoziGui,oneofthefewexistingbronzevesselsfromJu,resembles

theChenHouWuGuiinbothshapeandinscriptionstyleandcontent,placingitinthemid-Warring

Statesperiod.ThetitleJuHou(MarquisofJu)wasadoptedbytheDongYiJurulerimitating

thetitlesofCentralPlainsfeudallords.EarlyintheWarringStatesperiod,Juwasasmallstate

dependentonJinandYue,engaginginlong-termconfrontationwithQiforsurvival.Following

crucialvictoriesofJinandYueagainstQiandtheirrecognitionbytheZhouDynastyasfeudal

lords(403BCE),JufollowedsuitandassumedthetitleofHou.Shortlythereafter,followingthe

domesticunrestinJin,thesouthwardrelocationofYue,andtherevivalofQiunderKingWeis

reign,Julosttheexterna

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