电气电路与元件分类：能量传输与工作原理.pptxVIP

LectureBElectricalcircuits,powersuppliesandpassivecircuitelements

ElectricalCircuitsWewanttotransferelectricalenergytoperformataskWewanttosupplyenergytosomeloadChargedparticleswantto“move”whenanemfappliedApplyemfandconstrainthepathofthechargedparticlesForcechargedparticlestosupplyenergytotheloadinordertodowork(nopaththroughload?nousefulworkdone!)

ElectricalCircuit–example

TypesofCircuitElementsCircuitcomponentsaregenerallyclassifiedascontrolelements,passiveelements,andactiveelementsControlElements–directandmodifythecurrent(e.g.switches)PassiveElements–totalenergydeliveredtotheelementbytherestofthecircuitisnonnegative(e.g.resistors,capacitors,inductors)ActiveElements–canprovideenergytothecircuit(e.g.batteries,generators)

ControlElementsExamples:Switchesandtransistors(MOSFETs,BJTs)Wewillpresentonlyswitcheshere–MOSFETsandBJTswillbeintroducedinalaterlecture

Controlelementexample--switchesSwitchescanbeusedtodirectandcontroltheflowofcurrentTheswitchcanactasaninsulatororaconductor

SwitchoperationTimet0:Timet0:

PowerSuppliesPowersuppliesprovideasourceofelectricalpowerThepowersourceistypicallyanon-electricalprocessElectro-mechanicalsources:generatorstypicallyconvertarotationalmotiontoelectricalpowerbymovingmagnetsrelativetooneanother.Therotationalmotionisinducedbymechanicalmeans,suchasflowingfluidthroughaturbine.Chemicalsources:batteriesconvertenergycreatedbyachemicalreactiontoelectricalenergyPiezoelectricmaterialsproduceavoltagewhentheyaredeformedSolarcellsconvertlighttoelectricalenergy

ConceptualtypesofpowersuppliesPowersuppliescanbemodeledinanumberofways:Voltage,currentsourcesIndependent,dependentsourcesIdealandnon-idealsources

VoltagesourcesIndependentvoltagesourcesprovideaspecifiedvoltageRegardlessoft