电气电路与元件：能量传输与工作原理.pdfVIP

LectureB

Electricalcircuits,powersand

passivecircuitelements

ElectricalCircuits

•Wewanttotransferelectricalenergytoperforma

task

•Wewanttosupplyenergytosomeload

•Chargedparticwantto“move”whenanemf

applied

•Applyemfandconstrainthepathofthechargedpartic

•Forcechargedpartictosupplyenergytotheloadinorder

todowork(nopaththroughloadnousefulworkdone!)

ElectricalCircuit–example

A

B

v(t)

active

TypesofCircuitElements

•Circuitcomponentsaregenerallyclassifiedas

controlelements,passiveelements,andactive

elements

•ControlElements–directandmodifythecurrent(e.g.

switches)

•PassiveElements–totalenergydeliveredtotheelement

bytherestofthecircuitisnonneive(e.g.resistors,

capacitors,inductors)

•ActiveElements–canprovideenergytothecircuit(e.g.

batteries,generators)

ControlElements

•Examp:

•Switchesandtransistors(MOSFETs,BJTs)

•Wewillpresentonlyswitcheshere–MOSFETsandBJTs

willbeintroducedinalaterlecture

Controlelementexample--switches

•Switchescanbeusedtodirectandcontroltheflow

ofcurrent

•Theswitchcanactasaninsulatororaconductor

Controlelementexample--switches

•Switchescanbeusedtodirectandcontroltheflow

ofcurrent

•Theswitchcanactasaninsulatororaconductor

Switchoperation

•Timet0:•Timet0:

Sw