金属切削外文翻译.pdfVIP

金属切削外文翻译

METALCUTTING

Theimportanceofmachiningprocessescanbeemphasised

bythefactthateveryproductweuseinourdailylifehas

undergonethisprocesseitherdirectlyorindirectly.

(1)InUSA,morethan$100billionsarespentannuallyon

machiningandrelatedoperations.

(2)Alargemajority(above80%)ofallthemachinetoolsused

inthemanufacturingindustryhaveundergonemetalcutting.

(3)Anestimateshowedthatabout10to15%ofallthemetal

producedinUSAwasconvertedintochips.

Thesefactsshowtheimportanceofmetalcuttingingeneral

manufacturing.Itisthereforeimportanttounderstandthemetal

cuttingprocessinordertomakethebestuseofit.Anumberof

attemptshavebeenmadeinunderstandingthemetalcutting

processandusingthisknowledgetohelpimprove

manufacturingoperationswhichinvolvedmetalcutting.

AtypicalcuttingtoolinsimplifiedformisshowninFig.7.1.

Theimportantfeaturestobeobservedarefollows.

1.Rakeangle.Itistheanglebetweenthefaceofthetool

calledtherakefaceandthenormaltothemachiningdirection.

Highertherakeangle,betteristhecuttingandlessarethe

cuttingforces,increasingtherakeanglereducesthemetal

backupavailableatthetoolrakeface.Thisreducesthestrength

ofthetooltipaswellastheheatdissipationthroughthetool.

Thus,thereisamaximumlimittotherakeangleandthisis

generallyoftheorderof15°forhighspeedsteeltoolscutting

mildsteel.Itispossibletohaverakeanglesatzeroornegative.

2.Clearanceangle.Thisistheanglebetweenthemachined

surfaceandtheundersideofthetoolcalledtheflankface.The

clearanceangleisprovidedsuchthatthetoolwillnotrubthe

machinedsurfacethusspoilingthesurfaceandincreasingthe

cuttingforces.Averylargeclearanceanglere