雅思（阅读）模拟试卷123.pdfVIP

雅思(阅读)模拟试卷123

一、综合题(本题共40题，每题1.0分，共40分。)

Timekeeper:InventionofMarineChronometerA.Uptothemiddleofthe18thcentury,

thenavigatorserestillunabletoexactlyidentifythepositionatsea,sotheymightface

agreatnumberofriskssuchastheshipreckorrunningoutofsuppliesbeforearrivingat

thedestination.Knoingonespositionontheearthrequirestosimplebutessential

coordinates,oneofhichisthelongitude.B.Thelongitudeisatermthatcanbeusedto

measurethedistancethatonehascoveredfromoneshometoanotherplacearoundthe

orldithoutthelimitationsofnaturallyoccurringbaselineliketheequator.To

determinelongitude,navigatorshadnochoicebuttomeasuretheangleiththenaval

sextantbeteenMooncentreandaspecificstar—lunardistance—alongiththeheight

ofbothheavenlybodies.Togetheriththenauticalalmanac,GreenichMeanTime

(GMT)asdetermined,hichcouldbeadoptedtocalculatelongitudebecauseonehour

inGMTmeans15-degreelongitude.Unfortunately,thisapproachlaidgreatrelianceon

theeatherconditions,hichbroughtgreatinconveniencetothecremembers.

Therefore,anothermethodasproposed,thatis,thetimedifferencebeteenthehome

timeandthelocaltimeservedforthemeasurement.Theoretically,knoingthelongitude

positionasquitesimple,evenforthepeopleinthemiddleoftheseaithnolandin

sight.Thekeyelementforcalculatingthedistancetravelledastokno,atthevery

moment,theaccuratehometime.Butthegreatestproblemis:hocanasailorknothe

hometimeatsea?C.Thesimpleandagainobviousanseristhatonetakesanaccurate

clockithhim,hichhesetstothehometimebeforeleaving.Acomparisonithth