储氢材料01-Hydrogen Storage materials.PPT

III. The Basic Characteristics of Hydrogen Storage Materials 3.1 Simple model for dissolution of H2 into a H.S. Alloys 3.2 The classification of hydrides 3.2.1 According to chemical bond (P. 31 Table 3-1) 3.2 The classification of hydrides 1) Ionic or saline hydrides（离子型或盐型） Include the IA alkaline-metals and IIA alkaline-earth metals except Be and Mg. H atom acquires an electron from the metal atom－ionic bond Features: with metals of low electronegativity (电负性); white salt like crystals; high enthalpy of formation (see P.32 Table 3-2); stable hydrides, release H2 only at high temp.; H2 released with presence of H2O ; electrical conducting in molten state (saline). 3.2 The classification of hydrides 2) Metallic hydrides（金属型） almost all transitional metal hydrides: ⅢB, ⅣB, ⅤB, (ⅥB, ⅦB, ⅧB ). metallic bond or ionic bond. Features: bond through electron cloud around metal atoms; many different hydrides may form; such as VH, VH2; TiFeH1.95 hydrides usually have larger unit volume than metal; stability differs greatly measured by -?H. larger -?H, more stable There are three typical metallic hydrides : very stable (IIIB and ⅣB) Large -?H, very low dissociation pressure. Such as: ?HLaH2.7 = -55.4 kcal/mol H2; Pdis, ZrH2= 0.001 atm at 250℃. reversible at room-temp. (ⅤB ) At 0~100℃, Pdiss = 0.01~20 atm; ?H = ~ - 10 kcal/ mol H2 very unstable (ⅥB, ⅦB, ⅧB) Forms hydride only at very high H2 pressure and very low temp; ?H0. 2) Metallic hydrides Pseudo-binary metal hydrides reversible at room-temp. (III B or ⅣB metals) + (ⅥB or ⅦB or ⅧB metals) Such as : LaNi5H6 －good storage properties We can find reversible metal hydrides from ?H: ~?H = -10 kcal/ mol H2 ( 7 ~ 11 ) = -39 kJ/ mol H2 ( 29 ~ 45 ) At room-temp., Pdiss = 0.1 ~ 10 atm 2) Metallic hydrides 3) Covalent hydrides (共价型) Include ⅢA or ⅣA; also Be, Mg in IIA, (IB, IIB) covalent bond Features: stoichiometric; low melting point or gaseous or liquid