植物分类学 第二章 菌类植物（ Fungi）72页 国家精品课程多媒体课件.pptVIP

.~. ycetes. (a)A morel, Morchella [ioJlenta. The true morels are among ~t choicest edible fungi. Mushroom ~lO~erers look for them when the oak are the size of a mouses ear.“ ,~. ls were first grown successfully in [l~{ture in 1983 but have not yet been loped into a commercial crop. (b) Scarlet cup, Sarcoscypha coccinea, a beautiful fungus with an open ascoma (apothecium). (c) The highly prized,edible ascoma of a black truJJle, Tuber melanosporum. In the truJJtes, this spore-bearing structure is produced below ground and remains closed, liberating its ascospores only when the ascoma decays or is broken open by digging animals.Truffles are mycorrhizal (see page 238), mainly on oaks and hazelnuts, and are searched for by specially trained dogs and pigs. Recently, they have been cultivated commercially on a small scale by inoculating the roots of seedling host plants with their spores. The typical life cycle of an ascomycete. Asexual reproduction occurs by way of specialized spores, known as conidia, which are usually multinucleate. Sexual reproduction involves the formation of asci and ascospores. Karyogamy is followed immediately by meiosis in the ascus, resulting in the production of ascospores. 羊肚菌属 A stained thin section through the hymenial layer of a morel (Morchella), showing asci with ascospores. 2、代表植物 （1）青霉属 (点青霉) 无性生殖产生? 分生孢子，? 子囊在闭囊果内 不形成子实层 分生孢子 分生孢子小梗 梗基 分生孢子梗 曲霉 (2)虫草属 (冬虫夏草) 生于海拔3600-4500?m? 山坡阴地，为名贵中药。? 分布于青海南部，西藏? 昌都、甘南，四川西部，? 云南丽江、中甸、德钦，? 贵州有少量分布。? 子实体为子囊盘。 （四）担子菌亚门（Basidiomycotina） 1. 特征： （1）营养体：全为菌丝，有横隔；分为两种： 初生菌丝体：细胞单核，生活时间很短； 次生菌丝体：双核，生活时间长。由次生菌丝形成子实体，称为担子果。双核菌丝进行分裂时，为锁状联合。 （2）无性生殖：进行芽殖、粉孢子、分生孢子和厚壁孢子。 （3）有性生殖：产生担子和担孢子。 担子和担孢子、双核菌丝和锁状联合为担子菌亚门的三个主要特征。 the basidiomycetes, dikaryotice characteristically are distined by the presence of clampnections over the septa. Clamp conl!~dons are formed during cell division;~j presumably ensure the proper dis