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Chapter Two Credit Instruments 信用工具§2.1 Giving a brief account of Credit Instruments I. Definition of a credit instrument II. Forms of transfer III. Natures of a negotiable instrument IV. Functions of a negotiable instrument I. Definition of a credit instrument 流通票据的定义a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one person to another 表明资金从一方流向另一方的书面文件 II. Forms of transfer 1. Assignment 过户转让或通知转让1.必须写出转让书的书面形式，表示转让行为并由转让人签名2.在债务人那里登记过户或书面通知原债务人，使其不因债权人更换而解除其债务3.受让人获得权利要受到转让人权利缺陷（所在位置与大小相同）的影响 Negotiate A (drawer) C (payee) D E Gift 花瓶Bank E对ACD均有追索权，而D只对A有追索权（缺陷）4.是在三个当事人之间（债权转让人、债权受让人和原债务人）完成转让行为2. Transfer 交付转让 1.可通过单纯交付或背书交付而转让票据 2.不必通知原债务人 3.受让人获得票据权利并不优于前手，而是继承前手权利，还要受到前手权利缺陷的影响 4.是在两个当事人（转让人和受让人）之间的双边转让3. Negotiation 流通转让 1.可以是转让人经过单纯交付或背书交付票据给受让人，受让人善意（in good faith）地支付对价(*for value)取得票据 2.不必通知原债务人 3.善意的受让人获得票据权利优于其前手权利，即受让人权利不受转让人权利缺陷的影响 4.是在两个当事人（转让人和受让人）之间的双边转让III. Natures of a negotiable instrument 1. negotiablility 流通转让性 2. non-caustic nature 无因性 3. requisite in form 要式性 4. presentment 提示性 5. returnablity 返还性 6. establish some rights 设权性——流通转让权、付款请求权、追索权IV. Functions of a negotiable instrument 流通票据的功能 1. As a means of payment 作为支付手段 2. As a credit instrument 作为信用工具 3. As a negotiable instrument 作为流通转让的工具§2.2 Bill of Exchange I. What’s a bill of exchange It’s an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another（一方向另一方签发的）, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand（=at sight/upon presentation 见票即付）or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money(一定金额的货币) to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer. ---Bills of Exchange Act 1882 of the UK
At sight of this first of exchange (second of the same tenor and date being unpaid)… “付一不付二”——针对成套开立（一式两份）的汇票1.the word “Exchange”“汇票”字样2.