医学微生物学英文版课件_4.pptVIP

3. Disinfection and Sterilization Basic terms sterilization灭菌 disinfection消毒 Antisepsis 防腐 Bacteriostasis抑菌 Asepsis 无菌 sterilization灭菌 The process of destroying all microbial forms. A sterile object is one free of all microbial forms, including bacterial spores. disinfection消毒 The reduction or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in or on materials, so they are no longer a health hazard. Antisepsis 防腐 Use of chemical agents on skin or other living tissue to inhibit or eliminate microbes; no sporicidal (杀芽胞的 )action is implied. Bacteriostasis抑菌 Inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Asepsis 无菌 No living microorganisms exists. Controlling Microorganisms By Physical Agents High Temperature Radiation 辐射 Filtration 过滤 Low Temperature Desiccation干燥 High Temperature Dry heat干热：protein oxidation Hot air sterilization干烤 Incineration焚化 red heat赤热 flaming烧灼 Moist heat湿热：denature proteins and melt lipids; more effective Autoclaving: 121℃,103.4kPa, 20min cidal for both vegetative organisms and endospores Boiling water煮沸灭菌 Pasteurization巴氏消毒法: to kill particular spoilage organisms or pathogens flash method瞬间法: 71.6°C, 15s holding method持续法: 62.9°C, 30 min fractional sterilization间歇蒸气灭菌法 : 1) Steam heating to 100 °C for 30 min——常压/流动蒸气消毒法 Vegetative cells are destroyed but endospores survive 2) Incubate at 30 °C -37 °C overnight Most bacterial endospores germinate 3) Second heat treatment, 100 °C, 30 min Germinated endospores are killed. 4) Second incubation at 30°C-37 °C overnight Remaining endospores germinate 5) Third heat treatment, 100 °C, 60 min Last remaining germinated endospores are killed  Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation紫外线辐射 Ionizing Radiation 电离辐射 Ultraviolet Radiation microbicidal activity of ultraviolet (UV) light depends on: length of exposure wavelength of UV: 260 nm - 270 nm Mechanism: thymine-thymine dimmers胸腺嘧啶二聚体 photoreactivation光复活作用 very poor penetrating power damage the eyes, cause burns, an