基于单片机的普通车床温度超限保护系统的设计.doc

摘 要 在许多影响到机床的加工精度的因素当中，机床总误差的40%到75%是由温度的影响带来的。另一方面温度太高同样会影响主轴的润滑问题，这样就加快了主轴的磨损，导致主轴径向圆跳动增加，假如电机运转时间过长，温度逐渐积累，线圈外面包裹的绝缘材料就急剧老化，对寿命有着巨大影响，有时候甚至会烧毁电机。所以对温度进行控制有着重要意义。 该设计是采用AT89S51这个单片机，用DS18B20来采集温度，该温度传感器可以设定温度上下限，当单片机读取到采集的温度时，就会和程序里面的设定值进行一个比较，再按照编好的程序一步一步的去执行对应的操作。执行机构是2个继电器，它们分别连接驱动电风扇，另一个连接的是断开电源主电路常闭开关。在显示方面，该设计加入了数码管，形成方面实用的人机对话。另外还引入了两个报警指示灯，一个是黄灯，它表示超过程序里面的设定报警温度值，此时就会驱动电风扇来降温，另外一个是红灯，它表示超过程序里面的设定危险温度值，此时的动作就是直接断开电源。另外该设计引入了常用的数码管显示及状态灯显示灯常用电路，使得该设计功能得到进一步完善，更加灵活。主要设计有硬件部分和软件部分，其中硬件包括各个元件的硬件电路图，软件包括写入的子程序的流图，主程序流图，复位应答的子程序流图，读出温度的子程序流图等。 关键词: 主轴；主轴电机；单片机；温度控制；  Abstract In many affects the processing precision machine tool among the factors that machine, 40% to 75% of the total error is brought by the influence of the temperature of the. On the other hand high temperature also affects the lubrication problem, thus speeding up the axis of wear, radial beat increase in spindle round, if motor running time is too long, temperature gradually accumulate, coil of insulating materials outside parcel is dramatically aging, has a great influence on life, sometimes even burn down the motor. So the temperature in control has important significance. The design is to use AT89S51 this single chip, with DS18B20 to collection temperature, the temperature sensor can set the lower temperature, when the temperature of the single chip microcomputer to read acquisition, and the inside of the program on a set value is, again according to programmed to carry out the program step by step the corresponding operation. Actuators are two relays, they are connected separately drive electric fan, another connection is the main circuit closed off the power switch. In the display, the design joined the digital tube, form the aspects of practical man-machine dialogue. In addition also introduced two alarm indicator light, one is yellow light, it said more than the inside of the procedure set temperature alarm, at this time will drive a fan cooled, an