NoSQL数据库综述.docVIP

NoSQL 数据库综述 陈莉莹，双锴** （北京邮电大学网络技术研究院，北京 100876）  5 10 15 20 25 30 摘要：随着 Web 应用的普及与数据量的爆炸性增长，NoSQL 已经成为目前产业界和学术界 研究的热点，它可以解决传统关系数据库不能解决的高并发读写、高可扩展性和高可用性的 问题。NoSQL 数据库指的是不使用关系模型存储数据的一种新型数据库。近年来，世界上 涌现除了大量具有显著特色的 NoSQL 数据库系统。本文根据数据库存储原理将 NoSQL 数 据库分为了列存储、文档型存储、Key-value 存储、图存储、对象存储和 xml 存储六大类； 根据 CAP 原理将 NoSQL 数据库分成了满足 CA 原则、满足 CP 原则和满足 AP 原则三大类。 本文介绍了现在流行的七种采用 NoSQL 的新型存储架构，详述了每种存储架构的优点缺点 及适用场景。最后，本文详细分析了三种最流行的 NoSQL 数据库 HBase、Redis、MongoDB 的优缺点，并对其进行了对比分析。 关键词：非关系型数据库；存储架构；MongoDB；HBase；Redis 中图分类号：TP3 An Overview of NoSQL Database Chen Liying, Shuang Kai (Network Technology Research Institution, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876) Abstract: With the explosive growth of Web applications, NoSQL has become a hot topic for both industry and academia to study. NoSQL can solve the problems that cannot be solved by the traditional relational databases, such as high concurrent read and write, high scalability and high availability. NoSQL database is a new type of databases using the relational model to store data. Recently there emerged a large number of significant NoSQL database systems in the world. Based on principles of database storage, NoSQL databases are divided into six categories such as column storage, document storage, Key-value storage, map storage, object storage and xml storage in this article. Based on the CAP principle, NoSQL databases are divided into three categories such as databases that meet the CA principle, databases that meet the CP principle and databases that meet the AP principle. Then the author introduces seven new storage architecture using NoSQL and details the merits and demerits of each storage architecture and application scenario. Finally, a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the three most popular NoSQL database HBase, Redis, MongoDB is given in this article. Keywords: NoSQL; Storage Architecture; MongoDB; HBase; Redis 35 0 引言 随着互联网 Web2.0 网站的兴起，非关系型的数据库现在成了一个极其热门的新领域， 其相关产品的发展也非常