水稻开闭颖过程及其影响因素.docVIP

  水稻开闭颖过程及其影响因素# 王忠，顾蕴洁* （扬州大学生物科学与技术学院，江苏 扬州 225009） 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 摘要：水稻的开闭颖是由浆片吸水膨大和失水萎缩引起的膨压运动。以粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp japonica)武育粳(Wuyujing)，籼稻(Oryza sativa subsp indica)汕优 63(Shanyou 63) 为材料，用显微镜和电子显微镜观察颖花的结构，用细胞压力探针和渗透计测定开闭颖过程 中浆片膨压、渗透势的变化，得到以下结果(1)浆片由薄壁细胞和呈辐射状分布的、与小 穗轴维管束系统相连的小维管束组成。(2)开颖是由浆片细胞的渗透吸水，浆片表皮细胞壁 的松弛，以及小穗轴中水分通过维管束流向浆片引起的；而闭颖则是浆片细胞液泡膜破裂， 发生细胞自溶，浆片中的水分和解体物经导管向小穗轴撤离的结果。(3)开闭颖与呼吸作用 有关，并受多种因素的影响。有效促进水稻开颖的因素有 35～45的高温，大于 5％以上 CO2 气体、pH 小于 5.6 的 CO2 水溶液，1％左右的醋酸、甲酸和丙酸等有机酸等；低温，呼吸 抑制剂能抑制开闭颖；而湿度，光照、去雄、授粉等处理对开闭颖几乎没有效应。(4)推测 CO2 和酸是通过对浆片表皮细胞壁的松弛作用而促进开颖的。 关键词：水稻；颖花；小穗轴；浆片；开闭颖 The Process of Opening and Closing of Florets in Rice and Its Influencing Factors Wang Zhong, Gu Yunjie (College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Yangzhou University, JiangSu YangZhou 225009) Abstract: The opening and closing of florets (OCF) in rice were a types of turgor movements caused by gaining and lossing of water in lodicules.The rice cultivars used were Wuyujing ( Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) and Shanyou 63 (Oryza sativa subsp. indica)for the experiments. The florets structure was observed under the optical and electron microscopes. The changes of lodicules turgor, pressure potential and osmotic potential were measured by cell pressure probe and psycnrometry. The results were following: (1) Lodicules were composed of parenchyma cells and evenly distributed small vascular bundles connected with the vascular system of rachillae.(2) The opening of florets was caused by the osmotic water intake of cells in lodicules, the loosening of epidermal cell walls in lodicules and the transfer of water from the rachillae to the lodicules via the vascular bundles. In contrast, the closing of florets resulted from the rupture of the tonoplast and cell autolysis in lodicules and the transfer of water and catabolities to the rachillae via the trachea.(3) OCF in rice was related to respiration and affected by many factors. Our results showed that the effective factors that promoted OCF we