section 1-4 Kirchhoff’s Laws资料.pptVIP

* Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Section 4 Kirchhoff’s Laws Text New Words and Expressions Exercises End Grammar Characteristic Section4 Kirchhoff’s Laws The network variables may have many interrelationships among themselves. Some of these relationships are due to the nature of the variables. A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variables of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i.e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. Such a relation is said to be based on the topology Section4 Kirchhoff’s Laws of the network. Kirchhoffs Current and Voltage Laws are laws that are based on the connective features of a network. These laws say nothing about the elements themselves. Kirchhoffs Current Law Kirchhoffs Current Law is based on the law of conservation of charge, which requires that the algebraic sum of charges within a system can not change. Section4 Kirchhoff’s Laws Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero. Mathematically, KCL implies that where N is the number of branches connected to the node and in is the nth current entering (or leaving) the node. By this law, currents entering a node may be regarded as +, while currents leaving the node may be taken as -. (1-13) Section4 Kirchhoff’s Laws Consider the node in Fig.1-12. Applying KCL gives (1-14) Fig.1-12 Current at a node illustrating KCL Since current i1, i3, i4 are entering the node, while currents i2, and i5 are leaving it. By rearranging the Eq.(1-14), we get (1-15) Section4 Kirchhoff’s Laws An alternative form of KCL: The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node. Note that