《翻译理论与技巧》课件.ppt

Translation What is translation? (definition) What is a good translation? (criteria) Nida: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 许钧： 　　翻译是以符号转换为手段，意义再生为任务的一项跨文化的交际活动。 E.g. He is suggestively silent. 他一声不吭，似有隐衷。 He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然种出了二百个神奇的西红柿，每个重达两镑。 e.g. 1. 了解过去有助于了解现在，了解现在有助于预知未来。 2. 她一想到那次交通事故，就双腿僵硬，难以走路。 1. An acquaintance of the past is helpful to the acquaintance of the present, which is in turn helpful to the prediction of the future. 2. The thought of the traffic accident made her legs become stiffened under her and unable to walk. e.g. One of the most startling pieces of evidence that shows people are not in touch with whats really going on in their partnerships is the fact that the majority of people who file for divorce say they didnt think there was a relationship-threatening problem just six months prior to breaking up. 大多数申请离婚的人都说，就在感情破裂的六个月前，他们都还没有感到什么情感危机。这一令人惊讶的事实表明人们对自己的婚姻状况还不甚了解。 严复：信达雅—faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating. 傅雷：神似—spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。 钱钟书：化境—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader. 刘重德：信、达、切—faithfulness/ expressiveness / closeness. 鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。 梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 鲁迅目的：引入英文句式的表达法 梁实秋目的：可读性强，便于交流。 信 faithfulness ? 达 expressiveness? 雅 elegance ? Equivalence: (1) semantic equivalence (2) stylistic equivalence Some Categories of Translation Criteria 直译　vs 意译 Literal translation vs Liberal translation 形似　vs 神似 Formal con