基于AT89C51单片机的步进电机控制系统的设计论文.doc

PAGE 摘 要 本文先介绍了混合式步进电机的结构和工作原理，分析了细分驱动对于改善步进电机运行性能的作用，论述了正弦波细分驱动可以实现等步距角、等力矩均匀细分驱动的原理，提出了一种基于H桥和其他分立元件分配脉冲的驱动技术，该方案可实现步进电机的单拍、半拍、双拍三种工作方式。本文采用控制电路主要由AT89C51单片机、晶振电路、地址锁存器、译码器、液晶显示电路组成，单片机是控制系统的核心。文中对整个系统的架构及硬件电路和驱动软件的实现都做了详细的介绍。 关键词：单片机；正弦脉宽调制；混合式步进电机；细分驱动 The Design of Stepper Motor Controller ABSTRACT In this paper, the working principle and configuration of three-phase hybrid Stepper are introduced, then based on technologies such as stepper motor controller, PWM inverter and microcontroller. In the thesis, we develop a single chip computer -based digital controlling system for a three-phase hybrid stepper motor that is mainly constructed from a AT89C51 single chip computer and ST7920IC which is used as the core of control parts. The systems whole architecture, the design of hardware and software are introduced in detail. KEY WORDS: Microcontroller，SPWM，Hybrid stepper motor，Micro-stepping driver 目 录 1绪论 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u \* MERGEFORMAT HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211887 1.1 步进电机概述 PAGEREF _Toc240211887 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211888 1.2 步进电机的特征 PAGEREF _Toc240211888 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211889 1.3 步进电机驱动系统概述 PAGEREF _Toc240211889 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211891 1.4 课题研究的主要内容 PAGEREF _Toc240211891 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211892 2 步进电机驱动系统的方案论证 PAGEREF _Toc240211892 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211893 2.1 步进电机驱动系统简介 PAGEREF _Toc240211893 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211894 2.2 步进电机驱动器的特点 PAGEREF _Toc240211894 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211895 2.3 混合式步进电机的驱动电路分类和性能比较 PAGEREF _Toc240211895 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211896 2.3.1 双极性驱动器与单极性驱动器 PAGEREF _Toc240211896 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211897 2.3.2 单电压驱动方式 PAGEREF _Toc240211897 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211898 2.3.3 高低压驱动方式 PAGEREF _Toc240211898 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211899 2.3.4 斩波恒流驱动 PAGEREF _Toc240211899 \h 10 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211900 2.4 方案的确定 PAGEREF _Toc240211900 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211901 3 混合式步进电动机驱动控制系统硬件设计 PAGEREF _Toc240211901 \h 12 HYPERLINK \l _Toc240211902 3.1单片机