柴油机轴系振动及其减轻方法分析.docVIP

柴油机轴系振动及其减轻方法分析 Analysis of Diesel Engine Crankshaft System Vibration and Methods to Reduce It 目 录 摘要 I Abstract Ⅱ 第一章 前言 1 第二章 柴油机振动的相关介绍 2 2.1 振动分析基础 2 2.2 柴油机振动产生的原因 2 2.3 柴油机振动的危害 2 2.4 本章小结 3 第三章 柴油机激励源分析 4 3.1 往复惯性力和离心惯性力 4 3.2 倾覆力矩 6 3.3 本章小结 7 第四章 轴系扭转振动及其消除方法分析 9 4.1 扭转振动振幅和应力分析 9 4.2 扭转振动减轻方法分析 10 4.3 本章小结 12 第五章 纵向振动及其减轻方法分析 13 5.1 纵向振动的影响因素 13 5.2 轴系纵振引发的弊端及预防和减轻措施 13 5.3 本章小结 14 第六章 结论 15 致谢 16 参考文献 17 摘要 近年来，随着航运事业的发展，船舶振动越来越受到人们的关注。振动产生极大危害，甚至危机船舶，船舶振动的主要激励源之一是船舶柴油机轴系的振动。为了减轻柴油机轴系振动，本文从振动的基本知识着手，介绍柴油机轴系振动产生的原因及危害。接着从扭转振动和纵向振动两个方面对柴油机轴系振动进行分析并提出一些相应的减轻措施，如：采用放大系数法对轴系扭振振幅进行计算并计算出其应力，提出频率调整和减少振能等措施；对轴系的纵向振动，从气缸数与纵振频率的关系、轴系长度和飞轮质量对纵振的影响分析，提出安装纵振减震器等方法。达到在船舶营运中减轻柴油机振动，延长船舶及其机械的使用寿命，减轻船舶噪声对海洋环境污染的目的。 关键词:轴系，激荡力，扭转振动，纵向振动 Abstract In recent years, with the development of shipping industry, more and more attention is drawn by ship vibrations. Vibrations are extremely harmful, even endanger the ship, marine diesel engine shafting vibration is one of ship vibration excitation sources. In order to reduce diesel engine crankshaft vibration, this paper starts from the basics of vibration, the cause and harm of diesel engine crankshaft vibration. Then, both the torsional vibration and longitudinal vibration of diesel engine crankshaft are analyzed and some relevant mitigation measures are being put forward, for example: in order to find out engine shaft torsional vibration amplitude, the amplification coefficient method is adopted, then its stress is calculated, so the mitigation measures, such as: adjust the frequency of crankshaft and reduce vibration energy are proposed; In terms of shaft longitudinal vibration, the relationship between cylinder number and longitudinal vibration and the influences of crankshaft length and flywheel mass on longitudinal vibration are discussed, the way installation of vertical vibration shock absorbers is brought up. Therefore the goal of reducing engine vibration in the operation of ship, and then reducing the vibration of sh