高级英语阅读课件三.ppt

12. afflict; inflict afflict: cause great unhappiness for; distress; (be afflicted with/by) (使折磨;折磨) inflict: impose something unpleasant (强加于) e.g. She was afflicted by the death of her parents. Famine and war still afflict mankind.饥荒与战争依旧给人类带来痛苦。 Don‘t inflict your ideas on me.别把你的想法强加于我。 13. Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that hostile to the environment. ( para. 8): When cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes, it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment. 14. hostile; hostel Hostile: antagonistic; feeling or showing enmity Hostel: lodging at minimum cost with minimum amenities, usually reserved for the young or old e.g. Americans are hostile to the idea of higher taxes. Bicycling through Europe can be fairly inexpensive if you stay in hostels. 15. in proportion to: agreeing in amount, magnitude, or degree e.g. The room is wide in proportion to its height.这房间就其高度的比例而言是很宽的. Payment will be in proportion to the work done, not to the time spent doing it.报酬将与工作量成比例, 而不是与花费的时间成比例. 16. … year by year, less and less of the applied fertilizer was taken up by the crop and progressively more drained through the soil into groundwater, in the form of nitrates that contaminated river, lakes, and water supplies. ( para. 9 ): When the soil is saturated with nitrogen fertilizer, it cannot take in more so the excess fertilizer finds its way into underground water, thus causing water pollution. 17. progressively: advancing in amount or intensity (= more and more, increasingly ) e.g. His eyesight is becoming progressively worse. 他的视力越来越差. The bank has progressively increased its liquidity. 银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。 Part IV ( Paras. 10-11) 1. respire: v. to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale e.g. Say respires when she reaches the top of the hill. 2. excrete: to get rid of waste material from your body through your bowels, your skin etc. e.g. The skin excretes sweat. Certain plants excrete