药理学--有机磷杀虫剂.ppt

医学课件 第二章 有机磷杀虫剂药理学 有机磷杀虫剂(organophosphorus insecticide)是我国杀虫剂中最主要的一类杀虫剂 2005年底，全面禁用的5种高毒有机磷产品是： 甲胺磷，对硫磷（1605），甲基对硫磷、磷胺，久效磷 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 The organophosphorus insecticide (or, more commonly,the OP compounds) account for approximately 30% of the registered synthetic insecticides and acaricides in the United States, and the number is steadily increasing. 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 They are often referred to as organophosphate, because most of the member chemicals are some form of phosphate. 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 Some OP compounds are well known chemical warfare agents that continue to threaten world peace. OP nerve agents have also been used in subways by terrorist groups and by dictators to suppress communities within countries. 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 Whether they are true phosphates or other types of organophosphorus compounds, these chemicals possess the common characteristic that they are, or can become, excellent inhibitor of cholinesterases. 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 The OP group of insecticides includes such generally toxic compounds as parathion and such selective compounds as malathion. 一、有机磷杀虫剂的发展 The OP insecticides are used as stomach and contact poisons, as fumigants, and as systemic insecticides for nearly every type of insect control. 二、有机磷杀虫剂的主要品种 1、Dichlorvos (DDVP,敌敌畏) Volatile insecticide Rapid knockdown and kill of houseflies Miscible with or soluble in most organic solvents Acute oral LD50 in rats of 56~80mg/kg 二、有机磷杀虫剂的主要品种 2、Trichlorfon (敌百虫) A white to pale yellow crystalline powder Soluble in water, alcohols, and ketones Dehydrochlorinated in mild alkali to form DDVP Control of endo- and ectoparasites of livestock 二、有机磷杀虫剂的主要品种 3、Malathion (马拉硫磷) Pure malathion: clear colorless liquid Technical product: brown has a garlic odor Compatibility with ultra-low-volume (ULV) spray methods Low mammalian toxicity 二、有机磷杀虫剂的主要品种 4、Phoxim (辛硫磷) Veterinary medicine for the control of mites, lice, and other ectoparasites Photolysis 三、有机磷杀虫剂的中毒 1、Symptoms in insect roughly follow the general pattern of