进城市农民工子女教育问题研究——第三部门作用空间及可行性探讨.pdf

摘 要20 世纪 80 年代以来,随着我国工业化、城镇化进程的不断推进,劳动力 资源在全国范围内得到配置,社会流动加速,广大农民纷纷进城务工就业。城 市绝大多数的基础设施建设以及制造业、服务业的工作都是由农民工来完成的, 农民工群体已经成为我国城镇劳动力中一个不可或缺的群体。但是农民工子女 的教育状况并不乐观,流动儿童和留守儿童均面临很大的困境。据统计,2006 年全国有 4300 万农民工子女,其中约 2000 万随父母四处漂泊,成为“流动儿 童”;约 2300 万留在家乡,成为“留守儿童”。预计未来 20 年内,随着中国 城市化进程的加速,农民工子女动态累计将达到 1 亿人。城市能否和谐地融合 农民工使之成为新市民,其子女能否随父母进城就学是个关键。由于流动儿童 规模大、增长迅速、流动性强,流入地政府和公办学校无法完全满足他们接受 义务教育的需要。保障农民工子女的受教育权不仅是一个文明社会公正的体现, 也是提高我国人民整体文化素质、促进社会和谐发展的重要举措。 本文围绕着农民工子女教育问题的解决,其焦点是:在城乡二元结构一时 无法完全消除的现实下,如何通过制度创新,让财富和教育资源有序流入农民 工子女教育这个“洼地”,寻求多元化解决之道。本项研究试图对第三部门在解 决农民工子女教育的问题中能发挥的作用空间和第三部门介入农民工子女的可 行性进行探索。 本文以非公募基金的作用空间作为介入点,对重塑国家、市场和社会三者 之间的权利与义务关系进行探索研究,并以南都基金会为个案,研究探讨了在 解决农民工子女教育问题上的“南都公益模式”。本研究认为,在我国目前情况 下,通过发展非公募基金会,走社会化的办学道路,并且通过政策手段给予农 民工子女教育的社会发展空间是一条可行的道路。 关键词: 农民工子女教育 第三部门 非公募基金 政策 民办学校1 AbstractSince 1980s, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, our social development was accelerated. There is lot of peasants coming into cities hunting for jobs. Infrastructure and manufacturing were conducted by them. As an indispensable group, they are a very important constituent part in our society. However, the situation of their children is not optimistic and they cannot receive compulsory education like city children. A statistical data says that about 430,000,000 peasant workers’ children coming into cities with their parents and about 200,000,000 children aparted from their parents stayed at home. It is estimated that there will be a hundred million children coming with their parents into cities. Because they are a large group and our current education system is not consummate, Can the peasant workers’ children go to school as city children? Making sure they can receive equal education is a mission of constructing our harmony societyThis passage focus on how to find an effective way to deal with the situation that the peasant works’ children cannot receive equal education. It aims at to hunt for help from our society under the situation that cur