应对气候变化 _ 澳大利亚的政策及策略.pdfVIP

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have helped and encouraged me in this dissertation writing. I feel deeply indebted to my supervisor Professor Chen Hong for his patient instructions and guidance. He is the very person who has ushered me into the world of Australian climate change studies and frequently offered me constructive suggestions. Without his guidance, the dissertation will never come to such a completion. My deep appreciation also goes to Professor Hou Minyue for his valuable guidance throughout my postgraduate studies, which have enriched my life so much. My thanks are extended to Australia-China Council as well as the lecturers and librarians in La Trobe University, Melbourne. I collected abundant first-hand materials for my study and the field trip also enabled me to know the local people’s opinions on the government’s climate change policies and it provided me with a rare opportunity to experience the impacts climate change has exerted on the continent. Finally, I would like to thank my family, friends and fellow classmates for their care and support during my studies. Their love is always the motivation for me to overcome any difficulty in front and helps me march forward. i 摘 要 自20 世纪 80 年代起，气候变化问题已经得到了全世界越来越多的关注，其范围不 再局限于环境领域，而是演变成为一个影响经济发展、社会研究、外交关系等众多方面 的复杂问题。 澳大利亚应对气候变化挑战主要分为三个时期。第一个时期为工党霍克和基廷政府 执政时期（1988 年-1996 年），这一时期里澳大利亚在世界气候变化合作上发挥了领军 作用。气候变化的关注源于 1988 年多伦多会议的召开和政府间气候变化专门委员会的 建立。多伦多会议提出了“多伦多目标”，要求与会国将2005 年温室气体排放量比 1988 年下降 20% 。一年后，工党霍克政府批准“多伦多目标”，在应对气候变化和促成各国 重视该问题上发挥了领头羊作用。20 世纪 90 年代前期工党基廷政府对气候变化的积极 性要小于霍克政府，但在世界各国中仍处领先地位。基廷政府率先批准了《联合国气候 变化框架公约》，但因为采取的控制气候变化的政策以自愿为主，没有强制性，导致政 策成效不大。