一九五八年《 户口登记条例》 出台的制度背景探析.pdfVIP

2010 9 1 56 李玉荣 王海光 12 中国当代户籍制度的建立逻辑, 来自于优先发展重工业的国家工业化战略。1956年社会 义改造完成后, 城乡冲突呈现激化态势, 经济建设出现 / 冒进0 势头, 大量农村人口涌入城市, 中央 不得不采取 / 反冒进0 措施紧急刹车。1957年, 政府推出了严格限制农民进城的措施, 通过户口管 理、粮油供应、劳动用工等行政手段, 建立起了城乡隔离带。1958年 1月, 政府颁布了 5中华人民 共和国户口登记条例6, 把已经形成的城乡二元利益格局用法律形式固化下来。 12 户籍制度; 社会控制; 人口流动; 城乡二元结构 12 F120. 3; D631. 42 12 A 12 1003- 3815(2010) - 09- 0045- 10 On the Institutional Background of the R egulations on R esidence R egistration in 1958 LiYurong WangHaiguang Ab strac t: The logic for theestablishment of ahousehold registration system in contemporaryChina arose from the national industrialization strategy to give priority to the development of heavy industries. W ith the completion of socialist transformation in 1956 the conflict between urban and ruralareas intensified, the econom ic development advanced in a rash manner and largenumbers of rural population poured into cities, the centralauthorities had to put on the brakes immediately and take measures against rash advances. In 1957, the government introduced measures to strictly lim it the farm ers into the city and kept apart the rural from the urban areas through various ad2 m inistrativemeans such as residencemanagement, supply of grains and edible oil and employment. In January 1958, the government promulgated theRegulations of thePeople. sRepublic ofChinaon ResidenceRegistration, fixing theurban2rural dualistic pattern of interestsw ith law. 新中国城乡二元户籍制度是在全面引进苏 走出农村的离心力不断增强; 二是城市的市场 联计划经济体制, 实行重工业优先发展的国家 功能萎缩, 吸纳劳动力的能力大幅度衰减。加 工业化战略中逐步建立起来的, 与统购统销有 上随着社会主义体制的建立而出现的经济 / 冒 着不可分割的联系。/ 一五0 时期, 随着统购统 进0 势头, 使得自统购统销以来的城乡冲突越 销政策的实施, 城乡差距持续拉大, 城乡冲突