创意产业穿过文化边缘：电子游戏在亚洲外文原文.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 Creative Industries Across Cultural Borders: The Case of Video Games in Asia Ted Tschang Introduction This chapter examines the relationship between culture, economics and policy within the creative industries (which for the purposes of this paper, are assumed to be equivalent to the cultural industries), and their manifestation in Asia. Addressing any one of these three issues is a challenge in itself, but addressing all three of them together raises the complexity even further. Early writers on the “creative econ- omy” have noted how it works differently from the traditional economy (Florida 1 2002; Howkins 2001). Culture is vitally important to understanding how creative industries develop, but the role of culture in shaping national competitive advantage is not that clear. The same can be said for policy, and a discussion of the triad can be quite convoluted. Having said that, all three levels are still very relevant to the proper description of a creative industry – as I will show in this chapter. This paper attempts to address this triad of issues primarily with a production- and-innovation-oriented view of industrial organisation, bringing in creativity, culture and policy where possible. I shall do this primarily through the lens of one sector in particular – the video games industry – in which Asia has been investing heavily lately, and in which Japan has been an early leader. I will also provide a limited focus on the animation sector for comparative purposes. I will first provide a summary of how creative production in video games occurs in the US, followed 1 These works typically suggest that the production economy for technologies and products associ- ated with the industrial age seemed to revolve around economies of scale, but that dominance in the creative age appears to be the result of creativity, specifically, individua