美国产业内贸易的决定因素和研究模式外文原文.pdfVIP

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美国产业内贸易的决定因素和研究模式外文原文.pdf

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PATTERN AND DETERMINANTS OF UNITED STATES’ INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE Yanhong Zhang Don P. Clark This study identifies country and industry-level determinants of intra-industry trade and its components, vertical (VIIT) and horizontal (HIIT) intra-industry trade, in bilateral U.S. trade. Unlike studies for other countries, U.S. intra-industry trade is found to be dominated by HIIT rather than VIIT. This finding is important because HIIT tends to have relatively low factor adjust- ment costs relative to VIIT. Industry specialization takes place within, rather than across, product lines within the same industry. Two new variables contribute to our understanding of intra-indus- try trade. Country-level product differentiation and the interaction between technological innovation and foreign direct investment are found to be important determinants of both HIIT and VIIT. Distance, foreign direct investment flows, scale economies, and Yanhong Zhang is an associate professor at the School of Economics, Renmin University of China, 59, Zhongguancun Dajie, Beijing, China. E-mail: yanhongzhang@ Don P. Clark is a Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics, at the University of Tennessee, 527B Stokely Management Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996-0550, USA. E-mail: dclark3@ THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOURNAL, Volume XXIII, No. 3, July--September 2009 325 ISSN: 0885-3908 print/1521-0545 online. DOI: 10.1080/08853900903012310 326 THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOURNAL seller concentration affect HIIT but not VIIT. Other influences exert similar influences on components of intra-ind