碳关税的合法性及其对贸易影响的理论分析.pdfVIP

摘要 随着人类经济社会的发展，全球气候逐渐变暖，国际上关于碳关税的呼声越来越大。 碳关税主要是由欧美发达国家提出，目的在于抵消发展中国家因未采取减排措施而给发达 国家带来的损害。 本文在此背景下开展对碳关税的研究，首先对碳关税的本质做定性分析；然后对碳关 税与WTO 规则是否具有一致性进行探讨；再者，通过图形分析方法，就碳关税对传统贸 易理论的影响进行研究，特别是分析了碳关税对贸易条件的作用机制；接下来，对碳关税 对高碳产品贸易量、贸易价格的影响以及给出口国社会福利带来的变化一一做了图形分 析；另外，本文还研究了碳关税所引起的东道国国内碳约束规制，将给FDI的区位选择和 流向带来的影响。 本文的研究表明，碳关税实质上是发达国家对发展中国家实施的一种新型绿色贸易壁 垒；其极有可能满足WTO规则的要求，存在一定的合法性；碳关税是对传统贸易理论的 挑战，通过贸易条件的作用机制，将使得高碳行业出口国原有的比较优势丧失、国际竞争 力下降；征收碳关税也会使得高碳产品的贸易价格上升、贸易量下降，出口国的社会总福 利水平受到负面影响；碳关税所引起的东道国国内碳约束规制也会减少东道国的FDI流入。 我国作为全球第一大碳排放国，无疑会成为未来碳关税的主要征收对象。本文的研究 将统一对碳关税的理论认识，提高我国及其他发展中国家的警惕，对积极开展碳关税应对 措施具有一定的参考意义。 关键词：碳关税；贸易保护；合法性；比较优势；贸易条件；FDI I Abstract Abstract AAbbssttrraacctt With the development of human economics and society, the global climate is turning warmer gradually. The topic of carbon tariff becomes hotter as a result. Carbon tariff is proposed by the developed countries as Europe and United States, aimed at offsetting the loss in developed countriesdue totheir actions to reduce CO emissions. 2 In this paper, we made qualitative analysis on the nature of carbon tariff firstly. Next, we discussed the correspondence between carbon tariff and WTO rules. Then, by the graphical analysis method, we studied the impact on traditional trade theory due to carbon tariffs, especially the mechanism of action on the terms of trade. In addition, we studied the trade effect brought about by carbon tariff, including the trade price, trade volume and society welfare. Moreover,we analyze the effect of FDI flow according tocarbontariff. This study showed that carbon tariff is a new green trade barrier in nature. It has the possibility to satisfy the WTO rules. Through chang