国际视野的城市公共交通外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Urban Public Transport in an International Perspective Material Source: Urban Transport Development Author: Hans ?rn Introduction One of the striking characteristics of our time has been the rapid urbanization process in many of the so-called developing countries-a process that is still ongoing. When the British left India, Dhaka was a town of some 400,000 inhabitants-about the same as G?teborg today. New York, London and Paris were the big cities then. 50 years later, Dhaka belongs to the world’s new megacities with over 10 million inhabitants. Such rapid growth naturally puts pressure on all city functions, not least transportation, which is the circulation system of the urban organism. Everyone agrees that public transport is an essential component, particularly in low-income cities. Advisors and consultants have an important role to play in assisting in the development of sustainable public transport systems. However, the discussion often focuses on technology, such as whether rail or bus is the “best” solution. In reality, the decisive issues are often of a different nature such as: Roles of the private and the public sector? Social service or business? Should politicians or market forces decide? Regulation or deregulation? Is it small that is beautiful-or big? Organizational modes for public transport The South-West Sector-the ”classical European Model” A public transport system can be described in two dimensions, one axis being the network and service structure, the other being the organizational structure. The service structure axis ranges from a “coordinated network” to a “fragmented network”. The “coordinated network” is an integrated combination of routes and services, operated by a fleet of vehicles under organized conditions in an integrated fare system. The “fragmented network” is in reality not a network at all but a number of individual routes, separated from each other. The organizational structure axis ranges fro