比较优势：理论、实证分析及案例分析外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures And Case Studies Material Source: Review of Economic and Business Studies Author: Tri WIDODO Abstract: This paper consists of three main parts i.e. theory, analytical tool and case studies of comparative advantage. Firstly, we review the theory and various empirical measures of comparative advantage. We would argue that for the catching-up economies, like ASEAN countries, the meaning of “leading exported products” could be examined from the two points of view i.e. international competitiveness and country’s trade balance. Secondly, we combine two indexes of comparative advantage, i.e. Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index by Dalum et al. (1998) and Laursen(1998), and Trade Balance Index (TBI) by Lafay (1992), which represent well the two points of view, to propose an analytical tool, namely “products mapping”. Thirdly, this analytical tool is applied to analyze exported　products (defined as 3-digit SITC Revision 2) of the ASEAN countries. This paper concludes that in the cases of ASEAN countries, the higher the comparative advantage for a specific product, the higher the possibility of the country as a net-exporter becomes. This finding strongly supports the theory of comparative advantage. 1. INTRODUCTION In the theories of international trade, comparative advantage is an important concept for explaining pattern of trade. David Ricardo (1817) firstly introduces the concept of comparative advantage with very strict assumptions. It is then well recognized as the Ricardian model. In the modern theories of international trade, such strict assumptions are replaced with the more realistic ones. Heckscher (1919) and Ohlin (1933) examine the effect of different factor endowments on　international trade. Their model, which is well known as the Heckscher-Ohlin (HO) model, concludes that a country will export commodity uses the abundant factor of production, while it will imp