国际生产布局中的中国来自ICT行业的证据外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 China in the international fragmentation of production: Evidence from the ICT industry Material Source:The European Journal of Comparative Economics Author:Alessia Amighini 2. Processing trade and industrial upgrading. The idea of international trade as a transmission mechanism that links a countrys productivity gains to economic development in its trade partners has been firstly put forward by the new theory of economic growth (see Grossman and Helpman, 1994) for a review). The framework for this paper is based on a line of such research that explored the relationship between trade patterns and industrial upgrading. A first direction of research includes theoretical studies showing that a higher aggregate trade volume is assumed to have a positive effect on productivity growth as it spurs innovation and imitation (see Grossman and Helpman, 1991 as a benchmark and Helpman, 1992). At a sectoral level, there is some empirical evidence that trade openness enhances productivity gains and industrial catching-up in technology-intensive industries (Stehrer and ,Worz 2003). On the one hand, openness on the export side is conducive to innovation to the extent that export-oriented production has to maintain competitiveness on world markets. On the import side, a high import penetration within the same industry is found to have positive spillovers on productivity catching-up. Overall, there is evidence of positive intra-industry spillovers of specialization in high tech industries. A second direction of research includes theoretical and empirical studies focussing on the hypothesis that technology catching-up is not independent from trade specialization. Stehrer andWorz (2003) recently tackled this issue in an empirical study exploring the hypothesis that the long-term position of a country may depend on its initial pattern of　production specialization. The reason for this is that technology spillovers may occur mainly or at least are assumed to be stronger within on