技术创新对国际贸易的影响外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 The effect of technological innovation on international trade Material Source:Economics discussion papers Author:Márquez-Ramos, Laura Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada International trade theory highlights the importance of technological innovation in explaining a country’s international competitiveness(Posner 1961; Vernon 1966; Fagerberg 1997).Schumpeter (1944) viewed economic development as a dynamic process deriving from industry and exports, with innovation playing a key role in the development of both. Empirical work linking trade to technological innovation based on a gravity framework show that the effect of technological innovation on exports varies with country characteristics.Loungani et al.(2002)assessed the importance of information links that associate technological innovation with lower communication costs,and stated that the negative effect of physical distance on trade could be reduced by reducing the barriers to informational flows.These authors distinguished between developed and developing countries when analysing whether better informational infrastructure can substitute for geographical distance. Their results indicate that the degree of substitution between physical and informational distance varies systematically based on country characteristics. The authors tested for a purely linear relationship between informational infrastructure and trade without considering any threshold effects. Fink et al. (2005)analysed the effect of communication costs on bilateral trade flows by taking into account that this effect might vary with sectoral characteristics. Their results show that cross- country variations in communication costs have a significant effect on international trade. Indeed,they found that lower communication costs foster differentiated good trading to a greater extent than homogeneous good trading.Since information and communication needs are much greater for differentiated goods, trade in these products is likely to be more sensit