穿孔板式消声单元气流再生噪声的测试与影响因素研究.docxVIP

穿孔板式消声单元气流再生噪声的测试与影响因素研究摘要：基于双传声器传递函数法，考虑到消声器静态传声损失和消除传声器头部栅格气流自噪声及气流源本地噪声的影响，发展了一种采用传声器间距组合的消声器气流再生噪声测试方法。根据量纲分析，参照相似原理，建立了本实验中穿孔板式消声单元气流再生噪声的总声功率模型，并对主要结构影响因素进行了讨论。结果表明：穿孔直径的减小和扩张比的增大均有利于气流再生噪声的降低，而穿孔板距离进口扩张处长度、穿孔率和穿孔板厚度对气流再生噪声的影响较小。关键词：穿孔板式，气流再生噪声，测试，影响因素，消声器Research on the Testing and Influence Factor of Flow Regeneration Noise in Perforated Plate Muffler ElementAbstract: Based on the method of double-microphone transfer function, considering the influence of static transmission loss of mufflers, erasing the effect from noise in the head lattice of microphones and the background noise in the flow source, a method for flow regeneration noise measurement in mufflers is developed by locating in different distance between two different microphones. Reference to the similarity principle, the model describing the total sound power of the perforated plate muffler element was established by utilizing dimensional analysis. A discussion about the main influencing factors of such structure is also executed in this paper, and the result shows that: the reducing of the perforated diameter as well as the increasing of the expansion ratio is in favor of the reduction of flow regeneration noise in perforated plate muffler element; the length from the perforated plate to the import expansion, the perforated ratio and the thickness of perforated plate have less effect on flow regeneration noise in such structure.Keywords: perforated plate, flow regeneration noise, testing, influence factor, muffler排气消声器由于其安装简单、价格合适及基本不影响系统性能等特点，是目前普遍采用的最有效控制排气系统噪声的降噪工具。但实际使用中发现，消声器的消声量会随着气流速度的升高而不断减少，当气流速度达到临界速度时，消声量甚至变成了负值，消声器成为了噪声放大器。气流再生噪声的大小主要取决于消声器的消声单元结构和气流速度。迄今，国内外对气流再生噪声的理论及数值计算的研究尚不成熟，实验方法是目前研究消声器气流再生噪声的主要手段和重要方法。穿孔板式消声单元作为实际消声器中广泛使用的一种常见结构形式，其消声效果受穿孔直径、穿孔板厚度、穿孔率、穿孔板距离进口扩张处长度及扩张比等多种因素的影响。本文在双传声器传递函数法的基础上，通过传声器的间距组合，实现对穿孔板式消声单元消声器气流再生噪声的测量，通过CFD等流体力学计算软件的模型建立和声场、流体分析，验证了实验测量平台的可行性。参照相似原理，建立了穿孔板式消声单元气流再生噪声总声功率模型，通过MATLAB等数值软件实现了对上述影响因素的定量对比分析讨论。1.气流再生噪声的测量由于存在传声器头部栅格自噪声和实验气流源本底噪声的影响，实验实现消声