氮、钾、甜菜碱对减缓夏玉米水分胁迫的效果.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(7):1401-1407 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 氮、钾、甜菜碱对减缓夏玉米水分胁迫的效果 张立新,李生秀 (西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，杨凌 712100) 摘要：采用盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫和正常供水条件下，氮、钾和甜菜碱对 2 种不同基因型夏玉米（陕单 9 号和陕单911）各生育期干物质、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响，确定这些因子在增强作物抗旱性方面的功能。 结果表明，水分胁迫条件下玉米干物质和籽粒产量明显降低，但各品种反应不同：陕单9号干物质和籽粒产量高， 抗旱性强；陕单 911 相反。施用氮、钾和甜菜碱能不同程度提高玉米干物质和籽粒产量以及水分利用效率，减缓 水分胁迫，提高程度与品种关系密切。施用氮肥后，在水分胁迫条件下陕单 911 干物质和籽粒产量显著增加，水 分利用效率明显提高，2 种氮肥用量有显著差异；陕单 9 号在低氮用量时增产，增加氮量并未进一步提高产量， 低、高氮肥用量间无显著差异。正常供水时，氮肥作用明显下降，表明氮肥不仅能供应养分，还有增强抗旱的功 能。施用钾肥和喷施甜菜碱对受水分胁迫的玉米有同样功能，且效果更突出。在供水条件下这些效果下降更明显， 甚至消失，表明它们对增强作物抗旱性的贡献更大。 关键词：氮；钾；甜菜碱；水分胁迫；夏玉米 Effects of Application of Nitrogen, Potassium and Glycinebetaine on Alleviation of Water Stress in Summer Maize ZHANG Li-xin, LI Sheng-xiu ( College of Resource and Environment, Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100 ) Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted under water stressed and adequate water-supplied conditions with two genetype varieties (Shandan9 and Shandan911) to study the effects of nitrogen, potassium and glycinebetaine on their dry matter and grain yields as well as water use efficiency at different stages for revealing the function of these factors in increase of plant resistance to drought or dryness. Results showed that with water stress, dry matter and grain yields were significantly reduced. However, the response of the two varieties to the stress was different: Shandan9 was higher in dry matter and grain yields, and therefore could be regarded as a drought-resistant variety while Shandan911 was not so. Application of nitrogen, potassium and glycinebetaine raised dry matter and grain yields to different levels, and thus alleviated the water stress and