应用化学专业英语lesson12introductiontoanalyticalchemistry.pptVIP

Nuclear Waste Disposal Case StudyAnalytical Chemistry Issues: (Cont.) Other Chemical Measurements: Chromium: Cr2+,Cr3+, Cr2O7=, CrO4=, etc. Nuclear Waste Disposal Case StudyAnalytical Chemistry Issues: (Cont.) What does the Analytical Chemist need to know to solve these problems? Measurement Techniques Available Titrations, Optical Spectroscopy, Chromatography; etc. Strengths/Weaknesses of Techniques Accuracy, Precision, Interferences, Range, Detection Limits, etc. Nuclear Waste Disposal Case StudyAnalytical Chemistry Issues: (Cont.) Underlying Chemistry/Physics of the Sample Material Solution Chemistry (Acid/Base) Solids Homogeneity, Structure Error Analysis Sources Solutions Deer Kill Case Study # 2: Deer Kill Problem: Dead whitetail deer near pond in the Land Between the Lakes State Park in south central Kentucky. Chemist state veterinary diagnostic laboratory helped find the cause Site Investigation Careful visual observation of a two acre area around the site: Observation: grass around nearby power-poles was wilted and discolored. Speculation: Herbicide used on grass. Ingredient: Arsenic in a variety of forms CH3AsO(OH)2 very soluble in water. Select Method Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Distillation of arsenic as arsine which is then determined by colorimetric measurements. Representative Sample Dissect both deer. Removed kidneys for analysis. Laboratory Sample. Preparation Cut kidney into pieces and blend in a high speed blender to homogenize the sample. Defining Replicate Samples Three 10-g samples of the homogenized tissue were placed in porcelain curcibles and dry ashed. Dry ashing serves to free the analyte from organic material and convert the arsenic present to As2O5. Samples of the discolored grass were treated in a similar manner. Dissolving the Samples The dry solid in each of the sample crucibles was dissolved in dilute HCl, which converted the As2O5 to soluble H3AsO4. Eliminating Interferences Reactions to Elimina