应用化学专业英语lesson13volumetricanalysisandqualitative.pptVIP

Lesson 13  Volumetric Analysis Introduction The Equipment The Process Calculations Introduction Often in chemistry we need to work out the concentration of a solution. There are a number of methods we could use, but they all involve working out the amount of the substance in a certain volume. Volumetric analysis involves using volumes of liquids to analyse a concentration. To do this we need the following things: A chemical of a known concentration that will react with our ‘unknown’ concentration chemical An indicator that will tell us when all the chemical has been reacted A number of pieces of equipment that we can use to measure volume accurately The Equipment Volumetric analysis involves a few pieces of equipment that you may not have seen before: Pipette – for measuring accurate and precise volumes of solutions Burette – for pouring measured volumes of solutions Conical flask – for mixing two solutions Wash bottles – these contain distilled water for cleaning equipment Funnel – for transfer of liquids without spilling Volumetric flasks – a flask used to make up accurate volumes for solutions of known concentration The Process - Preparation Two solutions are used: The solution of unknown concentration; The solution of known concentration – this is also known as the standard solution Write a balanced equation for the reaction between your two chemicals Clean all glassware to be used with distilled water. The pipettes and burettes will be rinsed with the solutions you are adding to them Process – The Setup The burette is attached to a clamp stand above a conical flask The burette is filled with one of the solutions (in this case a yellow standard solution) A pipette is used to measure an aliquot of the other solution (in this case a purple solution of unknown concentration) into the conical flask Prepare a number of flasks for repeat tests Last, an indicator is added to the conical flask Process – The Titration Read the initial level of liquid in the burette