标准化中的知识产权与中国企业的对策TheIPRinStandards.pptVIP

标准化中的知识产权与中国企业的对策 The IPR in Standards and the Strategy of China Enterprises WTO：标准化中的知识产权 （北京）国际研讨会 2007年4月17-18日 倪光南 Ⅰ. 私有标准导致不平等竞争 Proprietary standard leads to unfair competition. Ⅱ. 应当提倡采用开放标准 Promotion of open standard Ⅲ. 标准化中的知识产权问题及其对策 The IPR in standards and the strategy of China enterprises Ⅳ. 大力推广开源软件 Promotion of OSS Ⅴ. 推进一些至关重要的开放标准 Promotion of some important open standards. 结束语 Conclusion Ⅰ. 私有标准导致不平等竞争 Proprietary standard leads to unfair competition 一旦某些私有技术或产品在市场上占据了垄断地位而成为“事实标准”，这些标准就是“私有标准”，它助长垄断，阻碍其他竞争者的发展。 Once proprietary technology/product becomes de facto standard, it will enforce monopoly and destroy fair competition. 例如微软的Windows操作系统、Office办公套件和IE浏览器等都是各自领域的事实标准，它们所涉及的许多标准都属于私有标准，其他企业很难在这些领域与微软进行竞争。 For instance, Software such as Windows, Office and IE are de facto standards of their corresponding areas. They involve proprietary standards. Other companies could hardly compete in these areas. 采用私有标准的弊端（1） The disadvantages of proprietary standards 1. 不利于公平竞争。 Against fair competition. 由于私有标准不开放，用户被锁定于私有标准，使竞争对手很难开发与其兼容的产品，从而很难打破垄断。 Proprietary standards are closed and users are being locked in. Thus competitors are very difficult to develop products/technologies compatible products. The monopoly resulted is very difficult to be broken. 例 1:文档格式.doc, .xls, .ppt成为事实标准后，由于它不开放，国产Office经过了五、六年的努力，才基本上解决了兼容问题。但既不能做到100%的兼容，也不可能保证长久的兼容。 Exp 1: The file formats (.doc, .xls, and .ppt) become de facto standards. It took 5-6 years hard work to achieve the compatibility to them by domestic Office verdors. Even though it’s not 100% guaranteed and may not last long. 例 2：现在很多网站是按照微软IE浏览器的私有标准设计的，因此使用其他浏览器（如FireFox、Opera、Safari等等）不能正常工作，这妨碍了其他浏览器的推广。 Exp 2: Currently many websites are designed conforming to the proprietary standards of IE. Thus other browsers (FireFox、Opera、Safari etc.) cannot work properly with these sites, result in unfair competition. 近几年来，开源浏览器FireFox的市场份额已达到14%左右，在欧盟有的国家里已