铜污染土壤添加有机物质的生物效应.docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）03-0183-03 铜污染土壤添加有机物质的生物效应 Ⅰ. 对黑麦草生物量的影响 陈世俭 （中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所, 湖北 武汉 430077） 摘要：试验研究了泥炭和堆肥对铜污染土壤盆栽黑麦草生物量的影响。结果表明，在未添加有机物质的情况下，随着污染土壤铜含量的增加，黑麦草生物量呈明显减少的趋势（呈显著负相关），地下部分对铜毒害的反应比地上部分更敏感；导致黑麦草生物量减产20%的土壤铜含量在200~400 mg/kg之间。添加有机物质能显著促进黑麦草尤其是其地下部分的生长，使中度、重度铜污染土壤上的三茬黑麦草生物量平均增加80%~200%，并提高了导致黑麦草严重减产的土壤铜临界浓度。堆肥的增产效果好于泥炭。在试验的9个月内，有机物质仍能维持对受铜污染的土壤上的黑麦草生长的促进作用。 关键词：铜污染；有机物质；生物效应 中图分类号：S153；X53 文献标识码：A Effects of Organic Substances on Plant Growth in Copper Contaminated Soils Ⅰ. Yield of Ryegrass CHEN Shi-jian ( Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China ) Abstact: The study on effects of two organic matters (peat and compost) on growth of ryegrass in five copper contaminated soils was conducted by pot experiment in greenhouse. The experiment was divided into three kinds of organic treatments with 0, 5% peat and 5% compost in five soils with each copper contents as 63, 184, 379, 635, 925 mg/kg. In the treatments without organic matter added, the yield of ryegrass decreases sharply with the increasing of copper content and shows significant negative relation between them. The soil copper content that leads to 20% reduction of ryegrass yield is between 200 to 400 mg/kg. With organic matter added, the ryegrass yield increases sharply in the soils with the copper contents over 200 mg/kg, and the increase range of the underground part is larger than that of the upper part of ryegrass. In the experiment period, the effect of compost is better than that of peat, and the promoting effect of the two organic matters on ryegrass growth in copper contaminated soils can be kept during 9 months. Key words: heavy metal pollution; organic matter; effect on plant growth  由于重金属在土壤中的难移动性和污染危害的长期性，有关重金属在土壤中化学行为的研究受到了重视[1]。重金属铜在土壤环境中既有植物营养问题，又有土壤污染问题[1，2]。研究土壤铜的形态区分与转化、作物吸收积累和反应规律，有利于确定土壤铜的环境容量和铜污染土壤的改良方法[1，3，7]。由于铜与土壤有机质之间存在着特殊的亲和力，研究添加外源有机物质对土壤铜形态与活性的影响作用[1，4]，有利于揭示有机物质对污染土壤铜作用的规律，为指导铜污染土壤的改良提供依据。本文针对冶炼厂附近受铜污染的土壤的改良问题，通过盆栽