长江下游稻麦周年超高产栽培途径与技术.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(6):1611-1621 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.06.006 长江下游稻麦周年超高产栽培途径与技术 杨建昌，杜 永，刘 辉 （扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009 ） 摘要：水稻和小麦是中国两大最重要的粮食作物，实现水稻和小麦超高产对保证中国粮食安全具有重要意义。 本文依据作者超高产研究与实践，介绍了长江下游稻麦周年超高产（周年产量＞21 t·ha-1 ）技术途径与关键栽培 技术。主要的技术途径是：在一定穗数基础上，通过主攻大穗扩大库容；提高茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比协调源库关系； 增加抽穗期的糖花比/糖粒比提高籽粒库生理活性；培育健壮根系提高结实期物质生产能力，促进物质运转提高收 获指数。关键栽培技术为：应用 Stanford 公式确定氮、磷、钾施肥总量，依据叶绿素测定仪（SPAD 值）或叶色 卡（LCC）读数确定主要生育期氮肥施用量；分生育阶段依据低限土壤水势或土壤埋水深度进行精确定量灌溉。对 当前和今后一段时间内稻麦周年超高产栽培理论与技术研究的重点提出了建议。 关键词：水稻；小麦；周年超高产；栽培途径；关键技术 Cultivation Approaches and Techniques for Annual Super-High-Yielding of Rice and Wheat in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River YANG Jian-chang, DU Yong, LIU Hui (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu) Abstract: Rice and wheat are most important food crops in China. The realization of their super-high-yielding is of great significance in ensuring food security in this country. Based on our researches and practices in super-high-yielding, this paper introduced the cultivation approaches and key techniques for obtaining super-high-yielding of rice and wheat (annual grain yield ＞21 t·ha-1). The main approaches include enlarging sink size through stabling panicle/spike number and increasing spikelets/grains per panicle/spike, coordinating source-sink relationship through increasing the percentage of productive tillers and grain-leaf ratio, enhancing sink (grain) strength through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio or sugar-grain ratio at hea