大型通江湖泊洞庭湖鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化.pdfVIP

J. Lake Sci.湖泊科学 , 2008, 201: 93-99 http:// E-mail: jlakes@2008 by Journal of Lake Sciences大型通江湖泊洞庭湖的鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化 1, 2 2 3 1 2** 茹辉军 , 刘学勤 , 黄向荣 , 宁应之 , 王洪铸 1: 西北师范大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730070 2: 中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072 3: 湖南省水产科学研究所, 长沙 410005 摘 要: 为了解通江湖泊鱼类物种多样性现状, 于 2004 年 3 月-2004 年 12 月和 2005 年 5 月对洞庭湖城陵矶、 岳阳和沅江三 个区域的鱼类进行逐月调查. 共鉴定鱼类 69 种, 隶属 6 目 14 科 44 属, 其中 59.4%为鲤科鱼类. 以种类数和多样性指数分析 了群落多样性特征, 结果表明洞庭湖鱼类种类多样性较高, 且时空变化较大. 一般地, 湖区与长江干流的距离越近, 种类数达 到峰值的时间就越早; 鱼类多样性在春夏季高于秋冬季, 在南洞庭湖高于其它两个区域. 以优势度5000 为标准, 全湖有 17 种优 势种, 其中 80.0%为湖泊定居性鱼类. 在生态类群方面, 湖泊定居性鱼类种类昀多 , 占总种类数的 74.0%; 江湖洄游性鱼类昀 少, 占 13.0%. 对比分析显示, 由于生境丧失、天然苗种资源衰退和过度捕捞等原因, 洞庭湖鱼类多样性较 20 世纪 70 年代明 显下降, 洄游鱼类种类数减少; 通江湖泊鱼类多样性明显高于阻隔湖泊, 表明江湖阻隔造成鱼类多样性下降, 因此, 加强江湖 连通是保护鱼类多样性的有效手段关键词: 洞庭湖; 鱼类; 种类组成; 物种多样性; 通江湖泊 Diversity of fish species and its spatio-temporal variations in Lake Dongting, a large Yangtze-connected lake 1, 2 2 3 1 2 RU Huijun , LIU Xueqin , HUANG Xiangrong , NING Yingzhi WANG Hongzhu1: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China 2: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China 3: Fishery Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, P. R. China Abstract: To evaluate the fish diversity of Yangtze River-connected lakes, a monthly survey of fish assemblage was carried out in the Lake Dongting in the middle basin of the Yangtze River in March-December, 2004 and May, 2005. Three sampling areas along a transect from the Yangtze River mainstream to the lake center, i.e. from lake mouth Chenglinji to East Lake Dongting Yueyang and South Lake Dongting Yuanjiang were selected. Totally 69 fish species belonging to 6 orders, 14 families and 44 genera were recorded. Cyprinids were the richest, accounting for 59.4% of total fish species. Species numbers and diversity indices showed that fish diversity of the lake was high, with great spatial and temporal variations. Generally, higher diversities occurred in spring and summer than in