实验流行病学研究ExperimentalEpidemiology.pptVIP

Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 实验流行病学研究 Experimental Epidemiology 哈 尔 滨 医 科 大 学 流 行 病 学 教 研 室 Department of epidemiology ,Harbin Medical University 1Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 流行病学研究方法 Research Method of Epidemiology 横断面研究 监测 描述性研究 产生假设 生态学研究 观察性研究 流 病例对照研究 检验假设 分析性研究 行 队列研究 病 学 临床试验 研 验证假设 现场试验 实验性研究 究 社区干预项目 方 法 理论流行病学 理论性研究 2Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 第一节 概 述 Overview James Lind 1716-1794 维C 缺乏-坏血病 1747 Vitamin C deficiency--scurvy 3Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University Thomas Francis,Jr Edward Salk 脊髓灰质炎疫苗poliomyelitis vaccine现场试验 1955-美国+加拿大 疫苗组vaccine安慰奖200,745 人,安慰剂组(placebo)201,229 人 保护率Protective rate:60-90% 4Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 一、定义 definitionPatients or health adults 将研究对象(病人或正常 were randomly divided into 人)随机分配给实验组和 experiment group and control 对照组,将干预措施 给予 group,intervention was given to the individuals of 实验组人群后,随访观察 experiment group ,and the follow up一段时间并比 outcomes of two groups were较两组人群的结局, 以便 followed up and compared in order to determine effect of 确定干预措施的效果。 intervention5Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 二、基本原则 basic principle ?对照的原则 control随机的原则 randomization ?盲法的原则 blinding ?重复的原则 duplication 6Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University When to choose an experimental design? The research question cannot be answered by observational studies Earlier observational studies have not answered the research question Existing knowledge is not sufficient to determine clinical or public health policy An experiment is likely to provide an important extension of this knowledge 7Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 三、基本特征 basic characteristic ?前瞻 前瞻性研究Prospe