光拍频法测光的速度设计论文毕业论文.docVIP

光拍频法测光的速度 姓 名 学 院 物理与电子信息学院 专 业 物 理 学 年 级 10级 班 级 指导教师 职 称 讲 师 摘要 光波是电磁波，光速是最重要的物理常数之一。光速的准确测量有重要的物理意义，也有重要的实用价值。基本物理量长度的单位就是通过光速定义的。 测量光速的方法很多，有经典的有现代的。我们需要的是物理概念清楚、成本不高而且学生能够在实验桌上直观、方便地完成测量的那种方法。 我们知道，光速c=s/Δt，s是光传播的距离，Δt是光传播s所需的时间。例如c=fλ中，λ相当上式的s，可以方便地测得，但光频f大约1014Hz，我们没有那样的频率计，同样传播λ距离所需的时间Δt=1/f也没有比较方便的测量方法。如果使f变得很低，例如30MHz，那么波长约为10m。这种测量对我们来说是十分方便的。这种使光频“变低”的方法就是所谓“光拍频法”。本实验利用激光束通过声光移频器,获得具有较小频差的两束光,它们迭加则得到光拍;利用半透镜将这束光拍分成两路，测量这两路光拍到达同一空间位置的光程差（当相位差为2π时光程差等于光拍的波长）和光拍的频率从而测得光速。 关键词：光波 光速 光程差 光拍法 SummaryLight waves are electromagnetic waves, the speed of light is one of the most important physical constants. Accurate measurement of the speed of light have physical significance, but also has important practical value. The basic physical unit of length is defined by the speed of light. There are many ways of measuring the speed of light, the classic and modern. What we need is a clear physical concept, cost is not high and the students in the experimental table intuitive, easy to complete the measurement method of the kind.We know that the speed of light c = s / Δt, s is the distance light travels, Δt is the time required for light propagation s. For example, c = fλ λ is quite on s, can be easily measured, but the optical frequency f approximately 1014 Hz, we do not have that kind of frequency meter, the same spread λ distance required for the time Δt = 1 / f there is no more convenient measurement method. If f becomes very low, such as 30MHz, then the wavelength is approximately 10m. This measurement is very convenient for us. This optical frequency low is the so-called light beat method. In this study, using a laser beam through the acousto-optic frequency shifter, with a smaller frequency difference of two beams of light, they superimposed the optical film; use of