名词重难点相关知识点解析.docVIP

名词重难点 (一)名词的分类：专有名词 普通名词（普通名词分为下面四类） 个体名词；如car, room, fan, photo 集体名词；如people, family, army, government. 物质名词； 如 fire, steel, air, water, milk. 抽象名词； 如 labour, health, life, friendship, patience. (二)通过读音来区别名词和动词： ⑴以重音来区别：重音在第一个音节上是名词，重音在第二个音节上是动词。如 discount, export, import, object(v object to sb/sth), progress. transport, produce. increase. decrease. ⑵以发音来区别，词尾发清音是名词，发浊音是动词。如 abuse, advice/advise, house, use. excuse. (三)专有名词(考点) 1）专有名词开头要大写，不用冠词。如 President Kennedy. Asia, Shanghai 但是the Chinese，the Japanese等表示民族，需要用the。 而且，Internet常用the Internet. 2)普通名词构成的专有名词必须用： the Information Age, the Great Wall. (四)既是可数又是不可数的名词： ⑴一些名词既可以看做个体，又可以看做是物质或者材料。如(考点): He ate a whole chicken. – Would you like some chicken. I had a boiled egg. – There is egg on your face. I tied it up with a ribbon. – I bought a meter of ribbon. Cake is a kind of food. – These cakes are delicious. glass(玻璃)/ a glass (一个玻璃杯)；an ice/ ice (一个冰激凌/冰)；paper/ a paper(纸/一份报纸)； iron/an iron (铁/一个熨斗)。 ⑵许多通常为不可数的名词，在前面加上形容词或者某种限定/说明就变成了可数名词。 This region produces an excellent wine. It’s an oil of very high quality. ⑶既表示特殊性又表示一般性的名词。 education/an education; light/a light; noise/a noise; knowledge/a knowledge A good education is expensive. ---- Education should be free(考点). Knowledge is important. --- I have a good knowledge of English(考点). 注意，knowledge, education 不能用复数形式。 ⑷以-ing结尾的名词drawing, painting, reading, understanding 可以是可数，也可以是不可数。 He has a drawing by Hockney. She often gives readings of her poems. Have a better understanding of sth(考点). (五）英语中通常为不可数的名词：baggage/luggage, furniture, information, news, equipment/advice/anger/assistance/cardboard/cash/chaos/damage/dancing(dance[c])/dirt/fun(不管是“开心pleasure”还是“开心的事”都是[U])/garbage/gossip/grass/hair(几根头发 htwo blonde hairs)/happiness/harm/help(指“helping帮助”为[U];如果指“person帮忙者，帮手”用a help. /homework/housework (熟悉即可) 四：单复同形的名词： Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works(工厂，a brick works；“著作”，那么是复数名词) , series, deer, fish(鱼和鱼肉区别), sheep, aircraft(包括由其crat