不同管理措施黄壤坡耕地地表径流氮输出的控制效果-20121221.docVIP

不同管理措施黄壤坡耕地径流氮输出的控制效果 [摘 要] 以黔中黄壤坡耕地农业面源污染长期定位监测试验基地为平台， 连续2008年- 2012年进行观测，研究玉米-油菜种植模式下，6种耕作管理措施对黄壤坡耕地地表径流、氮输出的控制效果。结果表明：黄壤坡耕地径流平均产流系数18.11%，TN平均流失系数0.99%，径流氮输出以硝态氮所占比例31.10%最高。优化施肥＋横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖+等高植物篱的耕作管理措施下截留效果、氮输出控制效果最佳，径流减产率最高，为25%；TN流失系数最小，为0.81%，TN平均输出总量最小，为4.63 kg/hm2。顺坡常规耕作条件下，优化施肥比常规施肥径流量减少2.05%，TN输出量减少23.20%；优化施肥条件下，横坡垄作比顺坡常规耕作径流量减少6.73%，TN输出量减少7.28%；优化施肥+横坡垄作条件下，秸秆覆盖比无秸秆覆盖径流量减少4.81%，TN输出量减少3.42%；秸秆覆盖+高等植物篱比无秸秆覆盖+高等植物篱径流量减少11.60%，TN输出量减少6.84%。研究表明，横坡垄作、优化施肥、秸秆覆盖、高等植物篱是控制黄壤坡耕地地表径流、径流中氮输出的有效控制措施。 [关键词] 坡耕地，地表径流，氮输出，管理措施，黄壤 The nitrogen fertility character of vegetable soil in township scale of suburban and its influence on vegetable quality LUO Yi (1Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025; 2Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550006) Abstract: Scales of suburban township vegetable soil field investigation and sampling and indoor chemical analysis, studies the characteristics of nitrogen of vegetable field soil and effects on vegetable quality.The results show that the guiyang city suburb vegetable township scales uneven soil texture, mostly sandy loam, loam and clay loam;Vegetable garden soil pH was6.63±0.55, relatively moderate, conducive to the growth of vegetables;Vegetable soil organic matter content is more, and was significantly positively related to soil sand and the mean value of 67.72 g/kg, fertility level is higher, but the variation is larger, the coefficient of variation of 35.30%.Soil total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen increases with lower pH, reached significant level;On the nutrient levels, various vegetables to difference between the total nitrogen in soil, average 3.11 g/kg;Nitrate content of disequilibrium, average 6.13 mg/kg, coefficient of variation of 66.91%;Alkaline hydrolysis n belongs to high fertility levels, average 245.32 mg/kg;Level of leafy vegetable nitrate content, root vegetables cauliflower, fruits and vegetables, with a mean of 606.56 mg/kg;With the increase of the content of soil organic matter, soil total n