曼德维尔对卢梭自然状态学说的影响.docVIP

曼德维尔对卢梭自然状态学说的影响 　　［作者简介］1.苏光恩，男，浙江大学公共管理学院博士研究生，主要从事西方政治思想史研究；2.高力克，男，浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事近现代思想史研究。 　　［摘 要］ 曼德维尔是早期现代社会的重要辩护者，他关于社会起源的论说对卢梭的《论人与人之间不平等的起因和基础》构成了深远的影响，后者的野蛮人形象、文明的演进论以及对文明实质的判断都得益于曼德维尔。是曼德维尔真正将自然法从自然状态中驱逐，使这一学说的主旨由统治的正当性变成了文明社会的历史。但曼德维尔与卢梭在人性论上的分歧使他们对文明的态度截然对立：曼德维尔所展示的社会形成过程实质上是人之粗鄙野蛮的激情如何得到驯服的过程，现代文明正体现了这种高超的驯化人性的技艺；而在卢梭看来文明恰恰是套在人身上的沉重枷锁，既剥夺了其原初的自由，亦扭曲了其纯真的天性。曼德维尔那里所隐含的文明的进步观在卢梭这里变成了人类的堕落史。? 　　［关键词］ 曼德维尔； 卢梭； 自然状态； 文明社会； 激情 　　?? 　　 　　Mandeville?s Influence on Rousseau?s Doctrine of the State of Nature? 　　?Su Guang?en Gao Like?（1.College of Public Administration， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310058， China; ? 　　2.College of Media and International Culture， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310028， China） 　　Abstract: Bernard Mandeville was one of the most controversial figures in the early 18th century, and his doctrine of the state of nature was also the most important source of Rousseau?s ?Discourse on Inequality. ?Adam Smith noted this a long time ago, but it has not got enough attention for a long time. Clarifying the connection between Mandeville and Rousseau?s doctrines of the state of nature is very important, not only for grasping the essence of Rousseau?s thought, but also for the appreciation of civil society in the 18th century.? 　　The 2nd volume of ?The Fable of the Bees? was a mature answer to the question that how could human being as ″an extraordinary selfish and headstrong, as well as cunning animal″ be the only sociable animal, which Mandeville had concerned with for years. Same with modern natural law tradition, Mandeville resorted to a state of nature to contemplate the origins of society, but what he concerned with was the history of civil society, rather than justification of ruling, and he provided with a completely historical dimension. In his state of nature, there was no so?called natural law, and the barbarism and ignorance of man in the state of nature also made it impossible for them to establish society by cont