铝硅合金制品螺旋振动抛光工艺及抛光剂开发.pdfVIP

摘 要 抛光是铝及其合金表面处理中的一个重要工序，通过抛光可以获得光洁平整的 表面，提高制品的装饰效果。由于对化学抛光的抛光机理的研究比较成熟及其对铝 的抛光效果显著而被广泛应用，但对于高硅铝合金，采用化学抛光后，由于表面产 生的硅灰，不易得到令人满意的效果。普通的机械抛光由于效率低下，且只能抛光 平坦表面，使其应用受到极大限制。因而有必要寻求一种适合于高硅铝合金的抛光 工艺，来满足市场需求。为此，本文首次较全面系统地研究铝硅合金制品的螺旋振 动抛光工艺，并开发了铝硅合金螺旋振动抛光用抛光剂及抛光数据库系统。其主要 结果如下： 在螺旋振动抛光前，采用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸对铝硅合金制品进行酸洗，是 增强抛光效果的不可或缺的工序，其硝酸和氢氟酸最佳配比为2 ∶1。 研究了螺旋振动抛光工艺及设备参数，运用正交法对铝硅合金制品螺旋振动抛 光的主要工艺参数进行了优化。 选用并复配了包括非离子型与阴离子型表面活性剂在内的多种表面活性剂，确 定了抛光剂中表面活性剂、助剂和水的组成，并对各组分的作用进行了详细分析。 所研制的三种抛光剂APG-1 、APG-2 、APG-3 ，在铝硅合金的抛光中均取得了良好的 抛光效果。 运用X 射线衍射对抛光后制品表面进行了物相分析，初步探讨了铝硅合金螺旋 振动抛光的机理。 抛光数据库系统具有数据库安全管理、信息查询、信息维护等功能。 关键词：铝硅合金, 酸洗, 螺旋振动抛光, 抛光剂, 表面活性剂, 抛光工艺, 数据库 I Abstract Polishing is an important procedure in surface treatment of Al Al alloy. After polishing, more smoothness and brightness surface of the product could be obtained and its decoration effect could be improved. Chemical polishing is used widely because of its mature polishing mechanism and good effect. However, it couldn’t get satisfied result of Al alloy with high quantity Si. Because it will have Silicon gray on product surface after polishing. Efficiency of mechanical polishing is very low and it is usually used to polish plat surface, which limited its application. Thus it is essential to look for a kind of polishing style fit for Al alloy with high quantity Si, which can satisfied market needs. So we full studied the spiral vibration polishing of Al-Si alloy product, also developed polishing agent for spiral vibration polishing, and some conclusion are list as following: It’s essential to add blended acid wash procedure before the spiral vibration polishing. The blended acid is nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the optimal mix ratio is 2:1. Studie