14th The Digestive Gland-2课件.ppt

消化腺掌握内容：胰腺内、外分泌部的结构及机能；肝的结构及功能。熟悉内容：三种大唾液腺的结构特点。了解内容：肝血循环及胆汁排放途径；胆囊及胆道的结构。 Introduction Extrinsic glands of the digestive system are the major salivary glands, pancreas, and the liver, all located outside of the digestive tract. They produce enzymes, buffers, and lubricants that are delivered to the lumen of the digestive tract via a system of ducts. They also produce various hormones, blood protein, and other products that are delivered to other parts of the body. 一、 Major Salivary gland (五) Portal lobules and Hepatic acinus New words 1. hepatic lobules 2. acinus 3. hepatic plate 4. intercalated duct 5. demilunes 6. myoepithelial cells 7. entro-acinar cells 8. islets of Langerhans (pancreas islet) 9. glucagon 10. insulin 11. somatostatin 12. gastrin 13. pancreatic polypeptide 14. hepatocyte 15. hepatic sinusoid 16. central vein 17. Kupffer cells 18. space of Disse 19. fat-storing cells 20. bile canaliculi 21. portal area Clinical Considerations (一) Pancreatic sisorders: 1.?Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: is characterized by polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria; usually has a sudden onset befor 20 years of age. It is treated with a combination of insulin therapy and diet. 2.Type II (non- insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: commonly occurs in overweight individuals over 40 years of age; is usually controlled by diet. (二) Liver diseases: 1.?Cirrhosis 2. Hepatitis ⑴ Viral hepatitis A ⑵ Viral hepatitis B ⑶ Viral hepatitis C 3. Jaundice (icterus) (三) Gallstones (biliary calculi) Review test 1.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is false? A.???? It possesses islets of Langerhans B.???? It possess serous demilunes C.???? It contains more beta cells than alpha cells D.???? It exhibits large, eletreon-lucent granules in its S cells. E.????? Its acinar cells contain a round nucleus 2.?An 18-year-old male presents subseq