语域理论下的口语教材研究——以《说汉语谈文化》为例.pdfVIP

内容摘要 如何处理文化和语言的关系一直是汉语国际教学关注的问题。经过几十年的 发展，中文口语教材已经出现了面向各个领域的专门性教材，涉及旅游、贸易、 科技、医学等诸多方面。其中一类以《说汉语谈文化》《话说中国》等为代表的 口语教材，与其他口语教材将文化因素单独列出的做法不同，它们将文化直接作 为每一课的话题，将介绍中国文化习俗和社会观念作为编写目的，其会话语言是 一种特殊的语域，在语音、词汇、语法等语言特征上独具一格，也存在一些问题。 语域理论是由以韩礼德为首的功能语言学派提出的，语域是语言的功能变 体，即因情景语境的变化而产生的语言变化形式，情景语境包括话语范围、话语 基调、话语方式三个特征。本文采用文献法，梳理了语域理论与口语教学、文化 教学之间的关系。并从语域的三个特征入手，以《说汉语谈文化》为例，使用统 计分析的方法，探究了以文化为话题的口语教材的语域特点和词汇语法特点，指 出了二者之间的制约关系：语场的封闭性导致词汇的抽象重复，语旨的单调模糊 导致语法过于完整，语式的文字性导致语音的文字注释性。 针对统计分析的结果，论文最后从三方面给出了对中文口语教材的编写建 议：以情景语境为中心的编写理念：开放语场，明确语旨，丰富语式，以培养语 篇的运用能力为编写目的，注重实用性、连贯性、得体性的编写原则。 关键词：语域理论 口语教材 《说汉语谈文化》 文化教学 I ABSTRACT How to deal with the relationship between culture and language has always been a concern in international Chinese teaching. After decades of development, oral Chinese textbook has been geared to the needs of various fields of professional teaching materials, involving many aspects, such as tourism, trade, science and technology, medical, etc. One of them, represented by Talking about Chinese culture,takes culture as the topic to each lesson. This kind of spoken textbook is rather different from others which list the culture separately, their writing purpose focus on introducing Chinese cultural conventions and social values. The conversational language is a special register which characterized on pronunciation, vocabulary and gramma. Accordingly, there are some problems. Register theory is put forward by the functional linguistic school, led by M.A.K. Halliday. A register is the variety of a language, that is the changing form of a language due to the change of the situational context. A context of situation includ