3-9岁儿童记忆测验的编制.pdf

摘 要 记忆是十分重要的，人的心理的大部分功能，无论是简单的行为、感知觉到 复杂的思维、学习等都是在记忆的基础上进行的。本研究依据当前记忆理论，吸 取国内外重要研究成果，尝试编制3-9 岁儿童记忆测验并进行信效度研究，以期 对儿童的记忆进行评估并探索儿童的记忆发展规律。 参照龚氏记忆成套测验及王晓丽、陈国鹏等编制的工作记忆测验，编制的记 忆测验包括以下分测验:⑴词语即时记忆；⑵词语延时回忆；⑶联想即时再认； ⑷联想延时记忆；⑸图片即时回忆；⑹图形即时再认；⑺工作记忆（视觉模式、 空间广度、数字排序、数字倒背和一笔画）。测试材料分3-6 岁和6-9 岁两组。 采用分层随机抽样方法分别从上海普陀区一幼儿园和上海闸北区 1-3 年级 小学生中随机抽取84 名、58 名被试进行施测和数据分析。结果发现，其项目难 度和区分度符合心理测量学要求，具有较高的重测稳定性和内部一致性。记忆力 在3-6 岁和6-9 岁之间均呈增长趋势，但各项记忆力发展速度不尽相同。儿童记 忆测验的性别差异不显著，年级和年龄差异均显著，测验结果符合记忆的年龄发 展趋势，证明量表的效度较高。 关键词：记忆测验,儿童,信效度分析 ABSTRACT Memory is very important, and most of the peoples psychological function, from simple behavior, perceptions to complex thought, study was conducted on the basis of memory. According to memory theories and important research results in china and abroad, present study constructed memory test for 3 to 9 years old children and examined its reliability and validity, in order to evaluate childrens memory and explore the development regularity of memory. With reference to Gong Shi Sets of memory test and working memory test compiled by Wang Xiaoli, Chen Guopeng, present memory test includes the following subtests: (1) words immediate recall test;(2) words delayed retention tests;(3) associative immediate recall test;(4) associative delayed retention tests;(5) picture immediate recall test;(6) graphics instant recognition test; (7)working memory (visual working memory model, spatial scope, digital, digital memorized and a stroke). The test material is divided into two groups: 3 to 6 years old group and 6 to 9 years old group. 58 students in grade 1-3 in a nursery school in Putuo District and 84 students in grade 1-3 in a primary school in Zhabei District in Shanghai were tested an