种子萌发过程中胚乳的突破性研究.pdfVIP

植物生理学报 Plant Physiology Journal 2012, 48 (9): 853~863 853 种子萌发过程中胚乳的突破性研究 徐振江, 陈兵先, 赵晟楠, 袁红霞, 郜珊珊, 张瑜, 陈靖, 王晓峰* 华南农业大学生命科学学院种子科学与技术研究室, 广州510642 : , , 摘要 胚乳将许多种子的胚完全包裹 是这些种子萌发的物理屏障 其破裂与否是决定种子萌发与否的最后开关。胚乳破 “ ” ( ) , 裂是胚生长产生由内向外 顶 的机械力量以及胚乳组织本身机械强度下降胚乳弱化 的共同结果 而胚乳弱化则包括细胞 壁的酶促和非酶促松弛机制。本文综述胚生长产生的机械力量、胚乳破裂的部位和方式、胚乳的组织结构及其细胞壁的 化学组成、各种细胞壁降解酶及非酶的扩展蛋白(expansin)和活性氧在胚乳弱化中的作用等方面的研究进展。 : 关键词 种子萌发; 胚乳弱化; 细胞壁降解酶; 扩展蛋白; 活性氧 Breaking through the Endosperm during Seed Germination XU Zhen-Jiang, CHEN Bing-Xian, ZHAO Sheng-Nan, YUAN Hong-Xia, GAO Shan-Shan, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Jing, WANG * Xiao-Feng Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Abstract: Endosperm completely encloses the embryo of many seeds and is a mechanical restraint for the com- pletion of germination. Thus, rupture of the endosperm is the last key step controlling the process of germina- tion. Rupture of the endosperm requires the growth potential of embryo and weakening of the endosperm after imbibition. Weakening of the endosperm involves enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. This review sum- marizes research progress in growth potential of embryo, location and ways of endosperm rupture, structure of the endosperm and chemical composition of endosperm cell walls, roles of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, ex- pansin and reactive oxygen species. Key words: seed germination; endosperm weakening; cell-wall-degrading enzymes; expansin; reactive oxygen species , melongena) (Datura ferox) (Solanum 种子是重要的农业生产资料 其萌发质量的 、曼陀罗 、洋茄 好坏将直接关系到农业生产的成败。种子萌发 lycocarpum) , (Tri