计算机图形教学第五章.pptVIP

Chapter 5Geometrics Transformation 主讲：任洪海 Definition: Operations that are applied to the geometric description of an object to change its position, orientation, or size are called Geometrics Transformation. 5.1 Basic 2-d Geometrics Transformation (一)2-D Translation The origin coordinates(x, y)→the new position(x’,y’) ,As show: x’=x+tx y’=y+ty (二) 2-D Rotation (about orgin) rotate the point through a counterclockwise →relative to origin before transformation P(x,y) can be expressed: after transformation P(x,y) can be expressed: so transformation equation: matrix form: (三) 2-D Scaling (about orgin) The position(x, y)→the transformed coordinates (x’, y’) by Scaling factors sxand sy: equation form: matrix form: 5.2 Matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates (一) homogeneous coordinates Def: Expanding each 2-d coordinate-position representation (x, y) to a tree-element representation (xh,yh,h) called homogeneous coordinates. Where homogeneous parameter h is a nonzero value such that so (xh,yh,h) =(h.x, h.y, h) simply set h=1, each 2-d position is then represented with homogeneous coordinates(x, y,1). (二)using a homogeneous-coordinate approach representation 1)2-d translation Matrix 2)2-d rotation matrix (about the coordinate origin) 3)2-d scaling matrix A scaling transformation relative to the coordinate origin can be expressed as the Matrix multiplication: 5.3 inverse transformations 1)the inverse translation matrix is: 2) inverse rotation matrix: 3)the inverse scaling matrix is: 5．4 2-d Composite Transformation If we want to apply two transformation to point position P ,The transformed location would be calculated as: p’=M1*M2*P=M*P where M=M1*M2 5.4.1 Composite 2-d translations If two successive translation vectors (t1x, t1y) and (t2x, t2y) are applied to a position P p=T(t2x,t2x){T(t1x,t1x)p} ={T(t2x,t2x)T(t1x,t1x)}p Or 5.4.2 Composite 2-d Rotation T