Targeted Gene Knockouts Reveal Overlapping Functions of the Five Physcomitrella patens FtsZ Isoforms in Chloroplast Division, Chloroplast Shaping, Cell Patterning, Plant Development, and Gravity Sensing.pdfVIP
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Targeted Gene Knockouts Reveal Overlapping Functions of the Five Physcomitrella patens FtsZ Isoforms in Chloroplast Division, Chloroplast Shaping, Cell Patterning, Plant Development, and Gravity Sensing.pdf
MolecularPlant ·Volume2 ·Number6 ·Pages1359—1372 ·November2009 RESEARCHARTICLE
TargetedGeneKnockoutsRevealOverlapping
IsoformsinChloroplastDivision,Chloroplast
ShapingICellPatterninglPlantDevelopmentland
GravitySensing
AnjaMartin,DanielLang。,Sebastian Hanke一,StefanieJ.X.Mueller~一,EricSarnighausen,
MarcoVervliet.Scheebaum。andRalfReskia-b,c,’
a PlantBiotechnology,FacultyofBiology,UniversityofFreiburg Schaenzlestr.1,79104Freiburg Germany
b CentreforBiologicalSignallingStudies(bioss),UniversityofFreiburg,AIberststr.19,79104Freiburg,Germany
C SpemannGraduateSchoolofBiologyandMedicine(SGBM),UniversityofFreiburg,Alberststr.19A,79104Freiburg,Germany
ABSTRACT Chloroplastsandbacterialcellsdividebybinaryfission.Thekeyprotein jnthisconstrictiondivisionisFtsZ.
aself-assemblingGTPasesimilartoeukaryotictubulin.Inprokaryotes,FtsZisalmostalwaysencodedbyasinglegene.
whereasplantsharborseveraInucIear-enc0dedFtsZhomologs.1nseedplants,theseproteinsgroupintwofamiliesandalI
areexclusivelyimportedintoplastids.Incontrast,thebasalIandplantPhyscomitrellapatens,amoss,encodesathirdFtsZ
familyw ithonemember.Thisproteinisduallytargetedtotheplastidsandtothecytoso1.Here,wereportonthetargeted
genedisruptionofalIftsZgenesin patens.Subsequentanalysisofsingleanddoubleknockoutmutantsrevealedacom-
plexinteractionofthedifferentFtsZisoformsnotonlyinplastiddivision,butalsoinchloroplastshaping,cellpatterning.
plantdevelopment,andgravitysensing.Theseresultssupporttheconceptofaplast0skeIetOnanditsfunctionalintegra-
tionintothecytoskeleton,atleastinthemoss patens.
Keywords: Bryophyte;cellwall;gravitropism;GTPase;chloroplast;plast0skeIeton: patens;moss.
1NTRODUCTION
1996;LoweandAmos,1998).Intheplastiddivisioncomplex.
Plantsarosefrom anendosymbioticeventinwhichafullYdif— FtsZinteractsw ithARC6,adescendantofacyanobacterialcell
ferentiatedeukaryoticcellengulfedafree—livingcyanob
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